Modern Art & Music Movies & Radio

Objectives Recognize the characteristics of modernism in architecture, art, and music. Trace the development and explain the significance of movies and radio between ca and the 1930s.

Modernism rejection of old forms/values constant experimentation modern art = 1860s-1970s

ARCHITECTURE

Architecture functionalism: idea that bldgs should be useful, “functional”  Le Corbusier: “a house is a machine for living in” Louis H. Sullivan’s Schlesinger & Mayer Dept. Store, Chicago,

Louis H. Sullivan’s Wainwright Building, St. Louis, , all steel frame

Le Corbusier’s Carpenter Center, Cambridge, MA,

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Hanna Residence, Stanford, CA, 1936

Walter Gropius’s Fagus shoe factory, Alfeld, Germany,

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s Lake Shore Apartments, Chicago,

Architecture Bauhaus: German school of design that combined the study of crafts and fine arts   Founded by Walter Gropius

PAINTING

Impressionism (late 19 th / early 20 th c.) Modern painting grew out of a revolt against French impressionism. French impressionism was characterized by the study of light – the attempt to capture the impression of light.

Monet, Bathing at La Grenouillere, 1869

Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette, 1876

Pissarro, Boulevard Montmarte – at various times of day and in various types of weather, 1897

Postimpressionism / Expressionism Sought to portray the “unseen”: emotion & imagination Emphasis on form rather than light Artists include: van Gogh, Gauguin, Cezanne, Seurat, Signac, and Toulouse- Lautrec

Van Gogh, La chambre de Van Gogh a Arles (Van Gogh's Room at Arles), 1889

Van Gogh, Wheat Field with Cypresses, 1889

Gauguin, Self-Portrait with Halo, 1889

Gauguin, Tahitian Women OR On the Beach, 1891

“You must see in nature the cylinder, the sphere, and the cone.” - Paul Cézanne ( )

Cezanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire – (1) c , (2) 1902, (3)

Matisse, Portrait of Andre Derain, 1905

Matisse, The Jazz Series (cutouts),

Cubism Compositions of shapes and forms “abstracted” from the conventionally perceived world Founded by Picasso

Picasso, Self-Portrait with Palette, 1906

Picasso, Guitar and Violin, ca. 1912

Picasso, Guernica, 1937 Woman falling from a burning house Woman holding a dead child Fragments of a warrior and a horse pierced by a spear

More expressionism – extreme abstraction Kandinsky & German Expressionist group, Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) “The observer must learn to look at [my] pictures … as form and color combinations … as a representation of mood and not as a representation of objects.” - Wassily Kandinsky ( )

Kandinsky, Improvisation 7, 1910

Kandinsky, Black and Violet, 1923

Kandinsky, Composition X, 1939

Dadaism Attacked all accepted standards of art and behavior “Dada” = “hobbyhorse” (nonsensical)

Start of The Dada Manifesto (1918, Tristan Tzara) “The magic of a word – DADA – which has placed the Newsmen before the Gate of an unexpected world Has for us no Importance whatsoever.”

More from The Dada Manifesto “Thus was DADA born of a need for independence, of suspicion for the community. Those who belong to us keep their freedom. We recognize no theory. We have enough of the cubist and futuristic academies: laboratories of formalistic ideas. Does one engage in art to earn money and stroke the pretty bourgeois?”

Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q. (Mona Lisa with Moustache), 1919

Surrealism (1920s/30s) By 1924, most Dada artists joined the Surrealist movement Art that expresses the world of dreams and the unconscious Inspired by psychologists Freud and Jung 2 groups:  Biomorphic – abstract forms that suggest natural forms  Naturalistic – recognizable scenes metamorphosed into dream image

Joan Miró, Singing Fish

Dali, The Persistence of Memory, 1931

Dali, Lighted Giraffes,

Magritte, L’art de vivre

MUSIC

Modern Music emotional intensity experimentation atonal = without a central key/tone; lacks expected pattern Ex. Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring (1913)

MOVIES AND RADIO

Movies Movies appeared in the 1890s. 1 st movie houses came out of LA in early 20 th c. First films were silents. “Talkies” came out in late 1920s. US dominated the industry Charlie Chaplin

Movies = huge entertainment. Offered a form of escape.

Radio Early 1920s – inventions 1920 – first major public broadcasts of special events Every major country quickly set up broadcasting networks – most were gov’t- owned (ex. BBC)

Movies and radio became propaganda tools Sergei Eisenstein – October (1927) Leni Riefenstahl – The Triumph of the Will (1935)