1 Pertemuan 18 Basisdata (Databases) (Lanjutan) Matakuliah: T0604-Pengantar Teknologi Informasi Tahun: 2008 Versi: 2.0/0.0 Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007). Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers & Communications. Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN-13: Sumber: Chapter 8. Databases & Information Systems: Digital engines for today’s economy, p.407

2 Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : menjelaskan: jenis-jenis model basisdata, manfaat dan cara kerja data mining; etika dalam penggunaan basisdata (C2)

3 Outline Materi Database Models Data Mining The Ethics of Using Databases

8-4 Database Models Hierarchical database Network database Relational database Object-oriented database Multidimensional database Fields or records are arranged in a family tree, with child records subordinate to parent or higher-level records Like a hierarchical database, but each child record can have more than one parent record Relates, or connects, data in different files through the use of a key, or common data element Uses objects (software written in small, reusable chunks) as elements within database files Models data as facts, dimensions, or numerical measures for use in the interactive analysis of large amounts of data

8-5 Database Models Hierarchical Databases –Fields or records are arranged in related groups resembling a family tree with child (low-level) records subordinate to parent (high-level) records –Root record is the parent record at the top of the database, and data is accessed through the hierarchy –Oldest and simplest; used in mainframes

8-6 Database Models Network Database –Similar to a hierarchical database, but each child record can have more than one parent record –Used principally with mainframe computers –Requires the database structure to be defined in advance

8-7 Database Models Relational Database –Relates or connects data in different files through the use of a key, or common data element –Examples are Oracle, Informix, Sybase –Data exists independently of how it is physically stored –Users don’t need to know data structure to use the database –Uses SQL (structured query language) to create, modify, maintain, and query the data –Query by Example uses sample records or forms to allow users to define the qualifications for choosing records

8-8 Database Models Object-oriented Databases –Use “objects”, software written in small, manageable chunks, as elements within data files –An object consists of Data in any form, including audio, graphics, and video Instructions on the action to be taken with the data –Examples include FastObjects, GemStone, Objectivity DB, Jasmine Object Database, and KE Express –Types include Web database Hypermedia database

8-9 Database Models Multidimensional Database –Models data as facts, dimensions, or numerical answers for use in the interactive analysis of large amounts of data for decision- making purposes –Allows users to ask questions in colloquial English –Use OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) software to provide answers to complex database queries

8-10 Data Mining Is the computer-assisted process of sifting through and analyzing vast amounts of data to extract hidden patterns and meaning and to discover new knowledge Data is fed into a Data Warehouse through the following steps –Identify and connect to data sources –Perform data fusion and data cleansing –Obtain both data and meta-data (data about the data) –Transport data and meta-data to the Data Warehouse Data Warehouse is a special database that shows detailed and summary data from multiple sources

8-11 Data Mining Methods for searching for patterns in the data and interpreting the results –Regression analysis Develops a formula to fit patterns in the data that has been extracted Formula is applied to other data sets to predict future trends –Classification analysis A statistical pattern recognition process that is applied to data sets with more than just numerical data

8-12 Data Mining Applications include –A phone company identifying customers with large bills, who were really small businesses trying to pay the cheaper residential rate –A coach in the Gymnastics Federation used it to discover what long-term factors contributed to athletes’ performance –Retail stores use it to predict future purchase patterns to help them choose which products to stock for the future

8-13 The Ethics of Using Databases Identity Theft concerns –A crime in which thieves hijack your identity and use your good credit rating to get cash, take out loans, order credit cards, and buy things in your name Privacy concerns –Name migration: getting endless junk mail and telemarketing calls –Résumé rustling and online snooping –Government prying and spying Discussion Question: Has any one had their identity stolen? How long did it take you to get it straightened out?

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