CHAPTER 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West Section 2-Manifest Destiny Section 3-Expansion in Texas Section 4-War with Mexico

Section 2-Manifest Destiny Many Americans believed that the During the 1840s, some Americans came to believe that the spread westward was destined and ordained by God. These ideas came to be known as Manifest Destiny- “The term Manifest Destiny was coined by the editor of US Magazine & Democratic Review describing the annexation of Texas in 1845

Manifest Destiny An Allegorical Painting by John Gast 1872

Americans moved west for a number of reasons: What were the reasons settlers came to the colonies? Are they similar or different to reasons for moving Westward?

Two of the most important trails to the West were the Santa Fe Trail and the Oregon Trail.

Santa Fe Trail: 780 miles from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico Oregon Trail: From Independence, Missouri to Portland, Oregon *By 1844, 5,000 Americans arrived in Oregon and farmed

Tensions with Great Britain -Treaty of Paris (signed after the Revolutionary War) was not clear on the northern and eastern boundaries on Maine -1838: British decided to construct a road to connect the Bay of Fundy (which touches Maine and Canada) to Montreal and Quebec

Tensions with Great Britain-Aroostook War February 1839- As they were moving north, they encountered British workers who were clearing land to build the road, and they fought one another It could have turned into a higher scale war when the army was starting to mobilize in case of a serious war

Resolution Important that the U.S. and Great Britain maintained good relations because In order to resolve the issue brought forth by the Aroostook War, Daniel Webster (Secretary of State) and Lord Ashburton divided the territory of Maine between Great Britain and the U.S.

Resolving Territorial Disputes-Establishing the Northern Boundary Oregon Territory ( ) was still jointly owned by the U.S. and Great Britain 1846: the U.S. and Great Britain signed a treaty that set the present day border between the U.S. and Canada by extending the, further expanding US territory President James K. Polk’s presidential campaign rested on the

Tensions with Native Americans As settlers were moving west, they moved to lands Native Americans inhabited Black Hawk War: Black Hawk led a rebellion against the U.S. in 1830 throughout Illinois and the Wisconsin territory due to settlers pressuring Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi Recall the Indian Removal Act of 1830

Tensions with Native Americans: Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 Signed between US representatives and Native American tribes including the Sioux, Crow and Cheyenne tribes to address disturbances between settlers and Native Americans Intentions: Provisions:

Results of the Fort Laramie Treaty Treaty was violated Treaties that were signed after the Fort Laramie Treaty forced Native Americans to abandon their land

Mormon Migration 1830: Mormons established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Fayette, NY Led by who was jailed for treason and killed in jail by an anti-Mormon group 1847:

Tensions in Mexico: Expansion in Texas Before Americans started settling in Texas, both the local Indians and Mexicans continually fought over who controlled the territory. After Mexico’s independence from Spain, they took control over the Southwest area of the U.S.

During the 1820s, Mexico began offering land grants to Americans interested in settling in Texas. If they agreed to obey Mexico’s laws and religion. One of the most prominent American settlers was Stephen F. Austin, who began an American colony in Texas. 30,000 Americans moved to Texas outnumbering Mexicans 10:1 Mexicans passed a law to limit immigration into Texas

Battle of Alamo Santa Ana was elected as Mexico’s president in 1833 and abolished local rights Rebellions emerged in Texas and he led his army into Texas 1836: Texans were defeated at the Battle of Alamo but Mexican troops were attacked by surprise by Houston’s troops who were yelling “Remember the Alamo!” Santa Anna was captured

Texas-The Lone Star State Santa Anna was forced to sign a treaty that would accept the independence of Texas in 1836