Federal Aviation Administration U.S. Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Update Mitch Narins Air Traffic Organization Navigation Services May 2006

2 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 Evolution of IFR Navigation in the National Airspace Four-course range NDB VOR, DME, Tacan Instrument Landing System Microwave Landing System Loran C GPS WAAS LAAS

3 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 FY 2004 Operations & Maintenance Budget Allocation for Navigation Systems Precision Approach Systems Account for Approximately 42% of the Navigation Services Systems and almost 50% of the Annual O&M Budget Allocation for Navigation Services. –ALS – Approach Lighting System –GS – Glide Slope –IM – Inner Marker –LOC - Localizer –LOM – Locator Outer Marker –MALS – Medium Intensity ALS –MALSR – MALS w/Runway Alignment –MM – Middle Marker –OM – Outer Marker –RVR – Runway Visual Range –SSALR – Simplified Short ALS –SSALS – Simplified Short ALS

4 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 Intl Cooperation….. A Necessity Approx. 77 million sq. km of total airspace Largest area of all ANSPs (Australia 2nd at 47 million sq. km) 15.15% of earth’s surface

5 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 Presentation to: Regional Airline Association Flight Technology Committee Name: Phil Leman Date: June 2, 2005 Moving To a Performance Based NAS FAA’s Goal Is To Design An Integrated, Performance Based National Airspace System That Can Meet The Needs Of Tomorrow And Satisfy ICAO’s Vision Of A Safe, Secure, And Seamless International Air Transportation System

6 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 What Is “Performance-Based” Navigation? An End-to-End Air Transportation System Based On Performance Standards Rather Than Specific Technologies Or Equipment –Area Navigation (RNAV) –Required Navigation Performance (RNP) Recognizes The Ability Of Modern Aircraft To Operate Safely And Efficiently Using A Variety Of On-Board Systems and External Signals

7 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 GPS Background Designed as a dual-use system –Military applications for US and Allied use –Civilian applications for worldwide use –Open signal specification available to industry and all users, both US and International GPS not originally designed to do many of the civil applications being done today –Modernization program in progress Consistent U.S. National Policy from both Executive and Legislative branches –U.S. Public Law - December 1997 –U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Policy – March 1996; updated December 2004

8 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 GPS User Range Error (URE) History Current Requirement Current Objective Actual Performance

9 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 Block IIA/IIRBlock IIIBlock IIR-M, IIF Block IIIA: Increased anti-jam power Increased security Increased accuracy Navigation surety Backward compatibility Assured availability Controlled integrity 4th civil signal (L1C) IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus 2nd civil signal (L2C) M-Code (L1M & L2M) IIF: IIR-M capability plus 3rd civil signal (L5) Basic GPS Std Service (16-24m SEP) –Single frequency (L1) –Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation Precise Service (16m SEP) –Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y) –Y-Code navigation Increasing System Capabilities  Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit GPS Modernization Path

10 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 GPS Modernized Signals L1 C/A – Available on all satellites –Backwards compatible for existing civil and military applications L2C - First available with IIR-M launch 21 Sep 05 –Configuration of signal determined via interagency process –Use for non-safety of flight applications, not in ARNS band L5 - First available with first GPS IIF launch (2007) –Improved signal structure enhances performance –WRC-2000 added signal component to protected aeronautical band –Interoperable with Galileo L1 L1C - First available with first GPS III launch (2013) –Data-less signal component improves tracking performance –Interoperable with Galileo L1

11 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 New U.S. Policy U.S. Space-based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Policy –Released by the President - December 15, 2004 –Replaced the 1996 U.S. GPS Policy Provide updated, comprehensive, and responsive guidance –Improved management processes for all space- based PNT issues

12 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 WAAS Operational System – Commissioned July 2003 Enhances Navigation In All Phases Of Flight –Enroute, Arrival, and Departure: Provides 100% Availability Of GNSS For Even The Most Critical RNP or RNAV Operations Provides Coverage At All Altitudes From 100,000 Feet To The Surface Provides Navigation Services To Users That Are Not Currently Served –Approach: Enhances Safety By Providing Vertical Guidance To Every Runway End In The Coverage Area No Ground Hardware Required At Airport to Acquire Signal Allows IFR Operations To All Qualified Airports

13 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 WAAS Operations FAA Technical Center continuously monitors the WAAS system Performance –99% coverage over CONUS –There have been no HMIs since system inception –WAAS has experienced a number of outages since commissioning Omits short outages due to GUS switchovers and minor ionospheric disturbances Equates to 99.87% availability Outages are classified into 4 categories –Total SIS outage (AOR-W, POR, or both) –Major IONO storm (loss of service over all or most of CONUS) –Minor IONO storm (loss of service over a portion of CONUS –GUS switchovers Many have occurred since commissioning. Adverse effect when there is not dual GEO coverage User can lose LPV WAAS service for up to 5 minutes WAAS has experienced several outages as of late during the upgrade process

14 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 WAAS Architecture

15 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 WAAS LPV Availability

16 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 WAAS Schedule WAAS Commissioned Full LPV Performance –13 additional reference stations –Improved software efficiency –System improvements will be brought online incrementally –End state performance will result in greater availability of approach with vertical guidance (LPV foot minimums) 99% CONUS 95% in most of Alaska Two GEOs in view to all users over all CONUS and Alaska GLS Development –L5 frequency (block IIF & GPS III) –Better interference mitigation Procedure Development ~ 300/yr – – 2028

17 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 Development Activities: LPV Hardware –13 Additional Wide Area Reference Stations To Improve Availability And Coverage 4 Alaska 5 Mexico 4 Canada Equipment Upgrade Using Commercial Off The Shelf Hardware When Feasible Communications –Enhancing The Terrestrial Communications Network Software –More Efficient Integrity Monitor Algorithms –Enhanced O&M Efficiency Prime Contractor - Raytheon

18 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 Predicted Availability Gains WAAS Commissioning Full Capability Availability over the majority of CONUS improves from 99.5% to 99.9% Alaskan availability improves from less than 75% to 99 – 99.9% Significant availability gains in northeast and southern California, Texas, and Florida

19 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 Regional Cooperation USA, Canada, and Mexico Are Working Through The North American Aviation Trilateral (NAAT) To Cooperate On The Implementation of GNSS In The North American Region Canada And Mexico Will Host Additional WAAS Reference Stations –5 Mexico Mexico City – Installed August 2005 Merida – Installed October 2005 Puerto Vallarta – Installed November 2005 La Paz – Surveyed in December, Installation Scheduled for August 2006 Tapachula – Surveyed in December, Installation Scheduled for August 2006 –4 Canada Gander – Installed June 2005 Goose Bay – Installed September 2005 Iqaluit – Site Survey Completed August 2004, Installation Scheduled for August 2006 Winnipeg – Site Survey Completed October 2004, Installation Scheduled for August 2006 Provides WAAS Coverage In Canada And Mexico, Improves Availability For U.S. Expect Operational In 2006 And 2007 Respectively

20 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 GEO Satellite Improvements Commissioned system utilizes two Inmarsat satellites –Main problem is single coverage over the majority of the United States Contract Awarded to Lockheed Martin to provide: –Leased payloads on up to 3 satellites –Ground infrastructure to support signal in space Currently acquiring two satellite links –Provides dual coverage over entire United States –PanAmSat: Launched October 13th –Telesat: Launched September 9th Preliminary acceptance testing for both satellites expected to be complete Spring 2006 Expect operational by first quarter FY 07 Telesat 107  W PanAmSat 133  W Original AOR/W Position 54  W POR 178  E New AOR/W Position 142  W

21 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 WAAS – GLS Development Will Commence In 2008 In USA, GLS Capability Will Require Modernized GPS Constellation –Addition Of Second Frequency, L5 –Availability Of L5 For Operational Use By Aviation Expected By 2013 –FAA Ground Upgrade Complete In 2013 Hardware: –Upgrade of Reference Station Receivers To Receive L5 Software: –Broadcast Of WAAS Message On L5 Will Eliminate Loss Of Vertical Guidance Caused By Ionospheric Storms Full GLS Capability Throughout Coverage Area System Will Be Capable Of Augmenting Other Satellite Navigation System Constellations

22 Federal Aviation Administration CGSIC – Manchester, UK 7 May 2006 Summary GPS –System is robust and operating above specifications –Modernized system will meet all aviation needs WAAS –Commissioned For IFR Use On July 10, 2003, Incrementally Improving to Add Capability –Benefits All Classes Of Aviation Users, Enhancing Navigation In All Phases Of Flight –Supports RNP And Performance Based NAS –Aviation Receivers Available Today, More Coming To Market Over Next Three Years FAA POC: Leo Eldredge, GNSS Program Manager ATO-W, Navigation Services 800 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C