Introducti on Objectiv e Experimenta l section Results and discussion Conclusio ns

Sulfonamides are drugs with bacteriostatic activity used as feed additives and treating infections

Toxicology Advantages Low cost ● Low cost Excellent activity against bacterial diseases ● Excellent activity against bacterial diseases Growth promoters in food animals ● Growth promoters in food animals Cancer ● Cancer Hypersensitiv ● Hypersensitivity

Switch From HPLC to UFLC

UFLC Increased resolution Increased sensitivity Reduced diffusion path High flow rate

Easily measurable signal Extreme sensitivity Fast detection High selectivity Why ECD?

High electrical conductivity High mechanical strength Low manufacturing cost

Introducti on Objectiv e Experimen tal Results and discussion Conclusio ns

Introducti on Objectiv e Experimental section Results and discussion Conclusio ns

spraying high voltage

Cyclic Voltammetric investigation Cyclic Voltammetric investigation Potential range : V Reference Electrode : Ag/AgCl Counter Electrode : Pt wire SA Concentration : 50 ppm Electrolyte : PBS (pH 3) Scan rate : 0.05 V/sec Characterization of electrode Characterization of graphene-modified screen-printed carbon electrode Characterization of graphene-modified screen-printed carbon e ee electrode Batch Condition Batch Condition

Inertsil C4 column 150mm X 4.6 nm i.d; partical size, 5 µm

Introducti on Objectiv e Experimen tal Results and discussion Conclusio ns

SMM SDM SG SDX SMX SSZ

SDZ SMZ

SG SD Z SM Z SM M SD X SM X SS Z SD M

Chromatogram of eight SAs 10 ppm in potassium hydrogen phosphate solution pH 3 Chromatogram of eight SAs 10 ppm in potassium hydrogen phosphate solution pH 4 Chromatogram of eight SAs 10 ppm in potassium hydrogen phosphate solution pH 5

Chromatogram of eight SAs 10 ppm in potassium hydrogen phosphate solution pH 6 Chromatogram of eight SAs 10 ppm in potassium hydrogen phosphate solution pH 7 Chromatogram of eight SAs 10 ppm in potassium hydrogen phosphate solution pH 3

ColumnInertsil C4 (150 x 4.6 mm) Mobile phasePhosphate buffer(pH3): ACN: EtOH Flow rate1.5 mL/min Injection Volume30 µL Temperature25 ºC DetectorAmperometric detection at 1.4 V SG SDZ SMZ SMM SDXSMX SSZ SDM

y = x R 2 =

Analyt e Linearity (ppm) R2R2 LOD (ppb) LOQ (ppb) SG SDZ SMZ SMM SDX SMX SSZ SDM

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