September 9, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 11 Key Issue 2 Where is industry distributed?

September 9, 2015S. Mathews2 3/4 th of world’s industrial power is concentrated in four regions. Eastern North America Northwestern Europe Eastern Europe East Asia Less than 1% of Earth’s surface is devoted to industry.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews3 North America 5% the land area contains 1/3 rd of the population and nearly 1/3 rds of the manufacturing output. Early settlement gave the east coast, the Great Lakes, and major rivers the advantage in becoming the dominant regions.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews4 Clusters of Manufacturing

September 9, 2015S. Mathews5 Major manufacturing is highly clustered in several regions

September 9, 2015S. Mathews6 New England The oldest industrial region. It began with the textile industry, using cotton grown in the U.S.. Known today for its skilled, but expensive labor.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews7 Middle Atlantic Between New York City and Washington. Industries dependent on imported raw materials located near ports. Financial, communication, and entertainment industries located in New York City.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews8 Mohawk Valley An industrial belt located along the Hudson River and Erie Canal connecting New York City with the Great Lakes. Niagara Falls generated electricity that attracted aluminum, paper, and electrochemical industries.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews9 Pittsburgh-Lake Erie Steel manufacturing located in region due to proximity of coal and iron, and the rivers and Lake Erie that offered easy transportation of iron ore.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews10 Western Great Lakes Chicago, Illinois was the hub of the nation’s transportation network between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Automobile manufactures and other industries located there to take advantage of the transportation.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews11 St. Lawrence Valley- Ontario Peninsula Centrality to Canadian markets, proximity to the Great Lakes, and access to hydroelectric power of Niagara Falls.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews12 Changing Distribution of U.S. Manufacturing Manufacturing has declined in the Northeast and grown in the South and West. The Gulf Coast has become important due to access to oil and natural gas.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews13 Right-to-work States A U.S. state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews14 The West Coast  Los Angeles is country’s largest clothing production region.  San Diego has attracted industries that support naval operations.  Silicon Valley south of San Francisco is source of production of computers and semiconductors.  Seattle is home of Boeing and Microsoft.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews15 Manufacturing in Urban Areas

September 9, 2015S. Mathews16 Western European Industrial Regions Rhine-Ruhr (Belgium to Germany) Mid-Rhine (France and Germany) United Kingdom Northern Italy

September 9, 2015S. Mathews17 Manufacturing Centers of Western Europe

September 9, 2015S. Mathews18 Rhine-Ruhr Valley Western Europe’s most important industrial area. Between two rivers, near large coal fields. Rotterdam, located at the mouth of the Rhine, is the world’s largest port.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews19 Mid-Rhine Western Europe’s second most important industrial area. Center of important consumer markets. Luxembourg is among world’s leading steel producers.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews20 United Kingdom Where Industrial Revolution began. Offset outmoded factories, by developing high-tech industries. Newer industries located near Chunnel.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews21 Northern Italy Located in the Po River Basin. Large inexpensive labor, and cheap hydroelectric power. Raw-material processors and mechanical-parts assemblers.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews22 Eastern European Regions Central District (around Moscow) St. Petersburg District Eastern Ukraine District The Volga District The Urals District Kuznetsk District Selesia

September 9, 2015S. Mathews23 Manufacturing Centers

September 9, 2015S. Mathews24 Central Industrial District Russia’s oldest region. With under-abundance of natural resources, produces 1/4 th of industrial output. Products tend to be high-value relative to their bulk.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews25 St. Petersburg Industrial District Eastern Europe’s second largest city. Proximity to Baltic Sea, stimulates shipbuilding industry.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews26 Eastern Ukraine Industrial District Contains one of the world’s largest coal reserves and large deposits of iron ore, manganese, and natural gas.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews27 The Volga Industrial District Between the Volga and Kama Rivers. Russia’s largest petroleum and natural gas fields.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews28 The Urals Industrial District Contains more than 1,000 types of minerals. Industrial development hindered by lack of nearby energy sources.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews29 Kuznetsk Industrial District Most important district east of Urals. Country’s largest reserves of coal and abundant supply of iron ore.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews30 Silesia Southern Poland, and northern Czech Republic. Abundant supply of coal, but iron ore must be imported for its steel industry.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews31 East Asia Japan is one of the world’s wealthiest countries. China has the world’s 2 nd largest economies. South Korea and Taiwan are important industrial powers.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews32 Manufacturing Centers in East Asia

September 9, 2015S. Mathews33 Japan Shortage of natural resources, but has highly trained and motivated labor pool. The world’s leading manufacturer of automobiles. A leader in electronics.

September 9, 2015S. Mathews34 China A large domestic market, and cheap labor have attracted foreign industrial investment. Leading exporter of clothing to the U.S.