The Cardiovascular System Heart, blood vessels, blood Heart, blood vessels, blood Function: transportation of O 2, nutrients, cell wastes, and hormones Function: transportation of O 2, nutrients, cell wastes, and hormones

Blood Vessels Arteries- take blood Away from the heart Arteries- take blood Away from the heart Veins- take blood To the heart Veins- take blood To the heart Capillaries- thin; for gas exchange Capillaries- thin; for gas exchange

The Heart Size of your fist; ~1 pound Size of your fist; ~1 pound Base, apex Base, apex Covering- pericardium Covering- pericardium Right/ Left sides Right/ Left sides

4 Chambers of the Heart Atria- top 2; receive blood in Atria- top 2; receive blood in Ventricles- bottom 2; pump blood out Ventricles- bottom 2; pump blood out Septum- divides right and left parts of heart Septum- divides right and left parts of heart

Flow of Blood- “Double Pump” Pulmonary circulation- right side; blood to lungs Pulmonary circulation- right side; blood to lungs Systemic Circulation- left side; blood to body cells Systemic Circulation- left side; blood to body cells

Valves 4; for 1-way flow of blood 4; for 1-way flow of blood

Heart Sounds LUB-DUP-PAUSE… LUB-DUP-PAUSE… LUB-DUP-PAUSE… LUB-DUP-PAUSE… –“Lub”= closing of AV valves after blood leaves the atria (louder & longer) –“Dup”= closing of semilunar valves after ventricles contract Heart Sounds Heart Sounds Heart Sounds Heart Sounds Murmur- valves leaky; “woosh” sound Murmur- valves leaky; “woosh” sound Heart Murmur Heart Murmur Heart Murmur Heart Murmur

Cardiac Circulation Coronary arteries- nourish the myocardium; branch off the aorta Coronary arteries- nourish the myocardium; branch off the aorta

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Causes: Causes: –Fatty plaques build up in coronary arteries (atherosclerosis) (atherosclerosis) –Blood clot in coronary arteries –Heart beats too fast When blood flow is restricted from the heart, angina can occur (chest pain). When blood flow is restricted from the heart, angina can occur (chest pain). When little or no blood reaches the heart, cells die and a heart attack occurs. When little or no blood reaches the heart, cells die and a heart attack occurs.

Watch a heart attack occur

Let’s Sing!!!! Pump Your Blood

Label/Color Heart Diagram R/L atria R/L atria R/L ventricles R/L ventricles Tricuspid valve Tricuspid valve Bicuspid valve Bicuspid valve Aortic semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Aorta Aorta Pulmonary veins Pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary trunk Superior & inferior vena cava Superior & inferior vena cava Septum Septum Apex of heart Apex of heart Base of heart Base of heart

Online Activities 30.1, , 30.4

HEART PHYSIOLOGY

2 Control Systems of the Heart Heart pumps 6000 quarts of blood per day (about 1,500 soda bottles!) Heart pumps 6000 quarts of blood per day (about 1,500 soda bottles!) It needs a unifying control system: It needs a unifying control system: –Autonomic Nervous System –Intrinsic Conduction System (ICS)  Built into heart tissue  Causes atria to beat 1 st, then ventricles  Normal heart beats ~ 75 bpm

Watch ICS

EKG- “electrocardiogram”

Cardiac Cycle Cardiac Cycle = 1 complete heart beat Cardiac Cycle = 1 complete heart beat Healthy heart- both atria contract at same time; when they relax contraction of the ventricles begins. Healthy heart- both atria contract at same time; when they relax contraction of the ventricles begins. Systole- contraction of the ventricles Systole- contraction of the ventricles Diastole- relaxation of the ventricles Diastole- relaxation of the ventricles

Systole Systole Diastole Diastole

Blood Pressure BP= pressure blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels. BP= pressure blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels. Measuring BP: Measuring BP: –Systolic Pressure (top #)- pressure in arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction –Diastolic Pressure (bottom #)- pressure in arteries when ventricles are relaxing –Normal = 120/80 mmHg

BLOOD

Composition Centrifuge spins- separates blood into: Centrifuge spins- separates blood into: –RBC (55%; living, solid)  “hematocrit” –Plasma (45%; nonliving, liquid) –Buffy Coat (WBC & platelets)

PLASMA Liquid Liquid 90% water (rest proteins, antibodies) 90% water (rest proteins, antibodies) F(x): transport, distribute body heat F(x): transport, distribute body heat

RED BLOOD CELLS F(x): carry oxygen to cells F(x): carry oxygen to cells –Hemoglobin- iron-containing protein that transports oxygen No nucleus; few organelles No nucleus; few organelles Last days Last days New ones made every 3-5 New ones made every 3-5 days in bone marrow days in bone marrow

WHITE BLOOD CELLS Less than 1% of blood Less than 1% of blood Have nuclei and organelles Have nuclei and organelles Defend the body from infection Defend the body from infection

PLATELETS F(x): clotting F(x): clotting

The Respiratory System Provides O 2 to cells; rids body of CO 2 Provides O 2 to cells; rids body of CO 2 Know where to locate: 1.Mouth/ Nose 2.Pharynx 3.Larynx 4.Trachea 5.Bronchi 6.Lungs a.Bronchioles b.Alveoli

Alveoli

Breathing Diaphragm Diaphragm (hiccups) (hiccups)

Smoking In US, smoking contributes to 400,000 deaths per year. In US, smoking contributes to 400,000 deaths per year. On average, smokers die 7 years before non-smokers. On average, smokers die 7 years before non-smokers. CO, Ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, tar, nicotine CO, Ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, tar, nicotine

Smoking effects on cilia

Lung Cancer

Emphysema

What’s Next… Complete online activities 30.5 & 30.6 Complete online activities 30.5 & 30.6 Start making your exam review sheet. Start making your exam review sheet.