ClueBody part Idiomatic expression with body part Meaning of the idiomatic expression A bed has this__________ to do something standing on one’s _____ to be able to do something very easily A __________ has theseeyes to turn a blind eye to something to ignore something/ pretend not to see it A cornfield has these__________ to keep one’s _____ to the ground to listen hoping to get advanced warning __________ has thisnoseto keep one’s nose cleanto stay out of trouble A river has this__________to shoot one’s _____ off to talk too much, to boast A __________ has thislip to pay someone lip service to support someone or something by words but not by actions A shoe has this__________to set _____ to wagging to do something which causes gossip A __________ has thisneckto be neck and neckto be so close that one can’t determine who the leader Foot head fingers mouth tongue shoe clock potato heel jar shoulder bottle table ears cheese

A road has this__________ to give (get) the cold _____ to ignore (or be ignored by) someone A __________ has these handsto live hand to mouth to have just enough money to live on A glove has this__________ to have a _____ in every pie to be involved in many activities A __________ has this leg to pay an arm and a leg for something to pay too much money for something A mountain has this__________ to _____ the bill for something to pay for something A __________ has this toe to tread on someone’s toes to insult or offend someone A shoe has this__________to fall head over _____ in love to be very much in love with someone Foot head fingers mouth tongue shoe clock potato heel jar shoulder bottle table ears cheese

1) How could you go to visit Rachel when her husband was out of town? You’ve really set tongues to wagging. By tomorrow, everyone in the office is going to know. 2) Ever since Bill found out that I visited his wife when he was out of town, he’s been giving me the cold shoulder. I tried to tell him that nothing happened, but he won’t even talk to me. 3) Ever since Jim Anderson lost his job, his family has been living from hand to mouth. 4) I haven’t heard who won the tender yet, but they say it’s neck and neck between us and Olympic Media Corp. 5) Oh come on! Is that all? Hell, I could do that standing on my head. 6) Look, you caused this whole problem. If you hadn’t shot off your mouth about getting a raise, then no one would have been the wiser. Now everyone knows and everyone’s asking the boss for a raise.

Фразеология современного английского языка Компексная цель: представить свободные и устойчивые словосочетания, ознакомиться с фразеологическими единицами, охарактеризовать соотнесенность фразеологической единицы и слова, изучить классификацию фразеологических единиц

Phraseological unit a reproduced and idiomatic (non- motivated) or partially motivated unit built up according to the model of free word-groups (or sentences) and semantically and syntactically brought into correlation with words. Word-groups that can not be made in the process of speech A.V. Koonin

Both words and phraseological units are ready-made units, names for things, objects, qualities of reality. Unlike words proper, however, phraseological units are word groups consisting of two or more words whose combination is integrated as a unit with a specialized meaning of the whole. For example, the vocabulary units table, wall, bus, air-taxi are words denoting various objects of reality; the vocabulary units black frost, red tape are phraseological units: each is a word group with a specialized meaning of the whole, namely black frost is frost without snow or rime, red tape denotes bureaucratic methods.

A feature proper both to free phrases and phraseological units is the divisibility (раздельнооформл енность) of their structure, i.e. they consist of separate structural elements. This fact stands them in opposition to words as structurally integral (цельнооформленн ые) units

The principal difference between phraseological units and free word-groups manifests itself in the structural invariability of the former. The structural invariability suggests no (or rather limited) substitutions of components. The semantic criterion is of great help in stating the semantic difference/similarity between free word- groups and phraseological units, and between phraseological units and words

The meaning in phraseological units is created by mutual interaction of elements and conveys a single concept. The actual meaning of a phraseological unit is figurative (transferred) and is opposed to the literal meaning of a word-combination from which it is derived. The transference of the initial word- group can be based on simile, metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. The degree of trans ference varies and may affect either the whole unit or only one of its constituents, cf.: to skate on thin ice — 'to take risks'; the small hours — 'the early hours of the morning'. In a free phrase the semantic correlative ties are fundamentally different. The meaning in a word- group is based on the combined meaning of the words constituting its structure. Each element in a word- combination has a much greater semantic independence and stands for a separate concept, e.g. to cut bread, to cut cheese, to eat bread. Every word in a free phrase can form additional syntactic ties with other words outside the expression retaining its individual meaning. The semantic unity, however, makes phraseological units similar to words. The semantic similarity between the two is proved by the fact that, for instance, kick the bucket whose meaning is understood as a whole and not related to the meaning of individual words can be replaced within context by the word to die, the phraseological unit in a brown study — by the word gloomy.

The syntactic criterion reveals the close ties between single words and phraseological units as well as free word-groups. Like words (as well as word-combinations), phraseological units may have different syntactic functions in the sentence, e.g. the subject (narrow escape, first night, baker's dozen), the predicate (to have a good mind, to play Russian roulette, to make a virtue of necessity), an attribute (high and mighty, quick on the trigger, as ugly as sin), an adverbial (in full swing, on s econd thoughts, off the record). In accordance with the function they perform in the sentence phraseological units can be classified into: substantive, verbal, adjectival, adverbial, interjectional.

Like free word-groups phraseological units can be divided into coordinative (e.g. the life and soul of something, free and easy, neck and crop) and subordinative (e.g. long in the tooth, a big fish in a little pond, the villain of the piece).

the characteristic features of phraseological units are: ready-made reproduction, structural divisibility, morphological stability, permanence of lexical composition, semantic unity, syntactic fixity

According to the degree of idiomaticity phraseological units can be classified into three big groups: phraseological fusions (сращения), phraseological unities (единства) phraseological collocations (сочетания).

Phraseological fusions are completely non- motivated word-groups, e.g. as mad as a hatter — “utterly mad”; white elephant — “an expensive but useless thing”. Phraseological unities are partially non- motivated as their meaning can usually be perceived through the metaphoric meaning of the whole phraseological unit, e. g. to bend the knee — “to submit to a stronger force, to obey submissively”; to wash one's dirty linen in public — “to discuss or make public one's quarrels”.

Phraseological collocations are not only motivated but contain one component used in its direct meaning, while the other is used metaphorically, e.g. to meet the requirements, to attain success. In this group of phraseological units some substitutions are possible which do not destroy the meaning of the metaphoric element, e.g. to meet the needs, to meet the demand, to meet the necessity; to have success, to lose success. These substitutions are not synonymical and the meaning of the whole changes, while the meaning of the verb meet and the noun success are kept intact.

Using Idiomatic Expressions to Describe Difficult Situations I’m __________ if I do, and __________ if I don’t to be between a(an)(the) _________ and a(an)(the) __________

bedeviled deep blue sea raging bull rock damned advancing army hard place devil bottomless pit high wall dead stone wall insurmountable mountain

I’ve been promising my wife to help her rearrange the furniture for weeks. Yesterday, she made me promise to help her this weekend. Today, however, my boss called and said he needed me to come into work this weekend. If I go into work, my wife will hang me out to dry and thereafter make my life hell. If I refuse to go into work, my boss will hold it against me and will relish reminding me of this the next time I’m up for a promotion or salary raise. I’m definitely stuck between a(an)(the) __________ and a(an)(the) __________!

To tell you the truth, I hate my mother-in- law. She’s the devil incarnate. Every time she comes over to see her daughter, she makes my life hell on earth. Unfortunately, if I tell my mother-in-law to stay home, my wife will be angry with me and I’ll find myself sleeping on the couch. If I don’t say anything, then maybe one of these days I’m going to blow up at her and say or do something that I’ll regret for the rest of my life. Talk about finding yourself between a(an)(the) __________ and a(an)(the) __________!

Verbs (alphabetically listed) № of Phrasal Verbs Verbs (by number of phrasal verbs) № of Phrasal Verbs call5get9 check3put6 drop4turn6 get9call5 look5 5 put6take5 run3drop4 take5check3 throw3run3 turn6throw3

Feeling _____ (sad) _____ around the gills (nauseous) Tickled _____ (happy) Seeing _____ (extremely angry) _____-hearted (evil or wicked) A _____ knight (a savior) Once in a _____ moon (occasionally but not often) _____ thumb (natural ability to grow plants successfully) Paint the town _____ (to go out and enjoy oneself in a lively, noisy and often drunken way A _____ streak (a tendency towards cowardice) In the _____ (feeling fit & healthy) Till one is _____ in the face (to do something repeatedly but without success) _____-letter day (a memorable day because of something important which happened) _____ with envy (extremely envious) _____ mark (indication of disapproval) _____ bag (to bring one’s meal with them) Out of the _____ (without warning) Blue Red Green Yellow White Black Brown Pink

According to the way they form To link up Granny farm; As old as the hills A sad sack, culture vulture By hook and by crook Stress and strain Hear! Hear! Odds and ends In brown study To have butterflies in the stomach The winds of change