Compound Nouns V.S. Phrasal verbs by Joyce Lee 2012/3/14

Why this topic? 1. Compound nouns high school’s teacher (X) high school teacher (O) 2. Phrasal verbs The more phrasal verbs, the more native-like your English is. →

Overview of the Presentation Part I.  1. What compound nouns are  2. Stress pattern of compound nouns  3. Brainstorming practice Part II.  1. What phrasal verbs are  2. Examples and practice  3. Phrasal verbs → compound nouns

Compound nouns =Noun compounds =Nominal compounds

A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more words. A compound noun is usually formed by combining two nouns, i.e. [noun + noun]. Each compound noun acts as a single unit.

There are three forms for compound nouns: 1. open or spaced -- space between words ex. tennis shoes 2. hyphenated -- hyphen between words ex. six-pack 3. closed or solid -- no space or hyphen between words (The two nouns are spelled as one word.) ex. bedroom

Pronunciation of Compound Nouns Compound nouns have the main stress on the first word. N. +N. In the compound noun "golf ball", the first word is stressed more (even though both words are nouns, and nouns are always stressed). Since "golf ball" is a compound noun we consider it as a single noun and so it has a single main stress -- on the first word. Note: Adj. + N. In the phrase "pink ball", both words are stressed (as you know, adjectives and nouns are always stressed) but the main stress is on the second word.

English is a stress language. Stress is phonemic/ contrastive in English. In other words, different stress patterns result in different meanings. adj. + n. n.+ n. a black bird v.s. a blackbird a high chair v.s. a high chair a white house v.s. White House

A compound noun n. + n.  teaspoon  soup spoon (function/use) But, when you have an adj. modifying a noun, the stress pattern is different. adj. + n.  silver spoon (material)

English: stress language Stress is the magic key to understanding spoken English. Native speakers of English use stress naturally. Stress is so natural for them that they don't even know they use it. Mandarin Chinese: tone language

Non-native speakers who speak English to native speakers without using appropriate stress pattern encounter two problems: 1.They find it difficult to understand native speakers, especially those speaking fast. 2.The native speakers may find it difficult to understand them.

Compound Nouns: air conditioner computer monitor blackboard eyeglasses pencil box handbag doorknob

Stress Pattern Simple Complex black bird black bird nest air plane air plane wing cow boy cow boy hat hot dog hot dog bun tap dance tap dance school light house light house keeper green house green house effect

Stress is important in compound nouns. It helps us know if somebody said: "a green HOUSE" (a house which is painted green) or "a GREENhouse" (a building made of glass for growing plants inside) Worksheet

Phrasal verbs (a.k.a. two-word verbs or two-part verbs) =a verb + a preposition-like adverb (a particle) In phrasal verbs, the adverb gets the stress. Phrasal Verbs

3-word phrasal words =verb + adv. + prep. put up with drop out of look forward to check up on keep up with catch up with keep out of come up with miss out on get away with look back on add up to cut down on run out of

Phrasal Verbs → Compound nouns If we form a compound noun from a phrasal verb, the first part of the noun receives the stress. phrasal verb → compound noun let down letdown print out printout turn off turn-off take over takeover back up backup follow up follow-up

Pronunciation tip We stress the second part of a phrasal verb and we stress the beginning of a compound noun that is formed from a phrasal verb. verb noun work out V.S. workout

Warning: Not all phrasal verbs form compound nouns. Never create a new one before checking a dictionary. Check out a dictionary to make sure the compound noun exists before you use it.

UP This two-letter word in English has more meanings than any other two-letter word. It is listed in the dictionary as an [adv], [prep], [adj], [n] or [v].

Let’s wrap up with a look at the interesting word UPUP.