Designing and Planning Technology – Enhanced Instruction Chapter 2 Presented by: Connie Everett 1/22/04

What Is a Learning Environment? A learning environment as applied to education: includes all the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the learner’s development.

The Learning Environment Affects Teaching and Learning. Dunn and Dunn (1992) completed a extensive research on matching the physical environment to individual learning styles. The learning environment includes the space and facilities in which instruction occurs. To adjust the physical learning space to maximize its compatibility with learners, it is important to first carefully identify the learning styles of the learners.

The Learning Environment continued: The learning environment includes both tangible and intangible elements. It will be necessary to take the time to create a systematic plan that will ensure that each step you take, whether adjusting the physical environment or altering an instructional component, adds to the effectiveness of the learning environment.

Using an Instructional Planning System Effective instruction is instruction that has been thoroughly thought out and articulated by a skillful and creative educator. The notion of a carefully planned step by step process to design, create, evaluate and revise instruction is called a systems approach to instruction.

The Design-Plan-Act (D-P-A ) SYSTEM Designing the instruction. Articulating specific lesson plans Developing an instructional action plan.

The Design Phase Design identifies over-all goals and the steps to achieve them. An instructional design model is used to help educators in the first phase of the planning system to envision their planned instruction holistically. Using such a model as a foundation, you will ultimately be able to develop an effective lesson plan and a subsequent instructional action plan.

DID model steps: Know the Learners State your Objectives Establish the learning environment Identify teaching & learning strategies Identify and select technologies Summative evaluation Table 2.1 – DID Formative and Summative Feedback Loops (pg 40)

The Dynamic Instructional Design Model (DID) The DID model is a flexible system for designing instruction. The DID model includes all of the critical elements in the design of effective instruction. The DID model sets up the curricular framework. Formative feedback occurs while the learning event is in progress Summative feedback is feedback that occurs at the conclusion of the learning event.

Using the DID Model to Plan Instruction The model helps you ask yourself the crucial question that will improve the quality of the instructional experience for both you and your students. Table 2.9 (pg 57) provides a template with a series of prompts to help you build your own design.

Using the DID Model to Create Lesson Plans The systematic planning of instruction remains the foundation of effective teaching and learning.

Lesson Planning The lesson plan provides daily guide for teachers. It is the lesson plan that provides a day-to-day snapshot of what will happen in the classroom.

Lesson Planning continued: Ready the Learner - Describe how you will prepare the students for the lesson. Target Specific Objectives – State the instructional design objective that will be addressed by this lesson. Prepare the Lesson – Describe what you need to do to prepare for the lesson. Table The lesson planner with examples.

The Lesson Planner: Practical Application of the DID Model The lesson planner is the pragmatic product of the instructional design process.

Instructional Action Planning: The Instructional Action Plan (IAP) Identifying learner preparation activities Getting the classroom ready Teaching-learning activities Personal prompts Support technologies Getting and using feedback Follow-up activities Table 2.11 (pg 64)

The Instructional Action Planner Getting Ready to Teach Linking Planning, Learning, and Teaching Design Plan Act Design-Plan-Act! Completes the instructional systems cycle.

Design Instructional design is the component of the process that helps you think strategically about the teaching and learning experience you are targeting.

Act Action planning is the final step in the three-part planning process Design-Plan-Act! Completes the instructional systems cycle.

Plan The lesson plan brings the instructional design down to earth.

Linking Planning, Learning, and Teaching. Just as you would carefully plan and rehearse an important speech before giving it, so too must you carefully plan and rehearse the important communication process that takes place between teacher and learner.

Planning for Technology in Teaching and Learning All aspects of instruction benefit from careful planning, but for using technology in instruction, planning is especially critical. A well designed learning event ensures that the appropriate technology is used. Teachers must plan for, select, and effectively use the best technologies to support teaching and learning.

Key Terms – page 67 Bloom’s taxonomy Design-plan-act system (D-P-A) DID model Feedback loops Formative feedback Instructional action plan (IAP) Instructional design model Learning environment Learning strategies Lesson planner Media Methods Motivators Pedagogy Performance objectives Preorganizer Scaffolding Summative feedback Systems approach Teaching strategies

Key Theorists Benjamin Bloom Rita and Kenneth Dunn Robert Gagne’

The End