User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales Matt Higgins Co-Chair of Working Group D of the International Committee on GNSS and President IGNSS Society of Australia

User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales 2China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011

National Perspective Global Perspective Regional Perspective Local Perspective 3China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011

User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales 4China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011

From GPS to GNSS China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 20115

RNSS Also China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 20116

User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales 7China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011

8 Interoperability refers to the ability of open global and regional satellite navigation and timing services to be used together to provide better capabilities at the user level than would be achieved by relying solely on one service or signal. Interoperability refers to the ability of open global and regional satellite navigation and timing services to be used together to provide better capabilities at the user level than would be achieved by relying solely on one service or signal. Ideal interoperability allows navigation with signals from at least four different systems with no additional receiver cost or complexity. Ideal interoperability allows navigation with signals from at least four different systems with no additional receiver cost or complexity. Common centre frequencies are essential to interoperability, and commonality of other signal characteristics is desirable. Common centre frequencies are essential to interoperability, and commonality of other signal characteristics is desirable. Multiple constellations broadcasting interoperable open signals will result in improved observed geometry, increasing end user accuracy everywhere and improving service availability in environments where satellite visibility is often obscured. Multiple constellations broadcasting interoperable open signals will result in improved observed geometry, increasing end user accuracy everywhere and improving service availability in environments where satellite visibility is often obscured. Geodetic reference frames and system time standards should also be considered. Geodetic reference frames and system time standards should also be considered. Any additional solutions to improve interoperability are encouraged. Any additional solutions to improve interoperability are encouraged. UN ICG Definition: Interoperability

User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales 9China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011

Can be classified in terms of Accuracy and Reliability Can be classified in terms of Accuracy and Reliability User Requirements 10China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011 Accuracy Requirement Low Medium High Reliability Requirement Mass Market Surveying Aviation Surveying and Machine Guidance …or more generically… Precise Positioning

User Requirements 11China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011 Meeting this huge demand requires GNSS Enabled Automation GDP Growth vs Steel Demand Multiply per capita by Population and China already consumes 8 times more steel than South Korea!

User Requirements 12China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011 Accuracy Requirement Low Medium High Reliability Requirement SBAS, GBAS, RAIM More Signals Better Infrastructure Precise Positioning Aviation GLONASS Arriving, Dual Frequency? What will the Next Wave of Demanding Users Require? Mass Market

Accuracy Accuracy Reliability Reliability Requirements from Interoperability 13China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011 Availability Availability Constellations GPS, Galileo, Glonass, Compass, QZSS, WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN, IRNSS (Source Rizos, 2009) GPS satellite GPS users (car navigation etc.) Comparable signal with GPS satellite Quasi-Zenith Satellite

Accuracy Accuracy Reliability Reliability Availability Availability Requirements from Interoperability 14China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011 Performance Performance  Signal Strength  Multipath Mitigation  Robustness to Jamming

Accuracy Accuracy Reliability Reliability Availability Availability Performance Performance Requirements from Interoperability 15China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011 Functionality Functionality  Don’t just need copies of GPS;  New functionality will bring new innovations;  Galileo - Search and Rescue Service;  QZSS – downlink capability.

Accuracy Accuracy Reliability Reliability Availability Availability Performance Performance Requirements from Interoperability 16China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011 Functionality Functionality  Beidou - SMS capability is a simple but powerful enhancement (740,000 messages in the wake of the Sichuan Earthquake).

So what are the “Enablers” for these improvements promised by Interoperability? Accuracy Accuracy Reliability Reliability Availability Availability Performance Performance Functionality Functionality Requirements from Interoperability 17China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011

Global Enablers Regional Enablers National Enablers Local Enablers Accuracy Accuracy Reliability Reliability Availability Availability Performance Performance Functionality Functionality Requirements from Interoperability 18China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011

 Systems/Infrastructure:  GNSS Space Segments;  GNSS Control Segments;  GNSS Ground Segments;  User Access:  Signal characteristics such as common centre frequencies;  Affordable user equipment;  Institutional Arrangements:  Bi-Lateral Agreements;  Multi-Lateral Agreements; Global Enablers 19China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011  Capacity Development:  International Conferences;  R&D Cooperation;  Assisting Developing Countries;  Standards:  Data Formats;  Global Scientific Services (GGOS);  Consistent System Times or at least published offsets;  Consistent Geodetic Reference Frames or at least published alignments.

Regional Enablers China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May  Systems/Infrastructure:  RNSS ~ all three segments;  Space Based Augmentation Systems;  Regional Reference Stations;  User Access:  RNSS signals that are interoperable with GNSS;  Institutional Arrangements:  Capacity Development:  Regional Conferences and cross fertilisation between National Conferences;  R&D Cooperation;  Assisting Developing Countries;  Standards:  Regional Geodetic Reference Frames such as APREF in the Asia Pacific and the supporting infrastructure;

China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May National Enablers  Systems/Infrastructure:  Hosting of GNSS, RNSS or SBAS Monitoring Stations;  National components of regional Augmentation Systems;  National Networks of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS);  User Access:  GNSS Augmentation Users require Communications coverage;  Institutional Arrangements:  Legislation and Policies;  National Space Agencies;  GNSS Coordination Activities;  Capacity Development:  National Conferences;  GNSS R&D Funding and Cooperation;  Industry Development;  Innovation competitions;  Standards:  Legislation and Policies;  “GNSS Ready” Geodetic Reference Frame.

China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May Local Enablers  Systems/Infrastructure:  Local Augmentation Systems (GNSS and non-GNSS);  Real Time Positioning Services based on dense CORS Networks;  User Access:  Local Communication Solutions to support GNSS and non-GNSS Augmentation;  Local equipment supply and support;  Institutional Arrangements:  Industry Clusters for local niche applications;  Local User Groups;  Capacity Development:  Schools;  Universities ~ GNSS Courses plus R&D for local niche industries;  In-House Training;  Local Workshops;  Standards:  Legislation and Policies;  Project Specifications; Positioning Infrastructure is based on the Global Navigation Satellite Systems… Telstra NextG Queensland Coverage

Achieving Full Interoperability 23 Global Local National Regional China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011

24China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011 IGNSS 2011 Incorporating the International Symposium on GPS & GNSS 15 – 17 November 2011 Sydney, Australia

25China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011 Thanks for your attention. Matt Higgins