Punctuation Dr.Rakan and Jack

How many punctuation marks do you know?

Why do we need punctuation?  Punctuation is a tool writers use to help their readers understand how to read their sentences. Many principles govern punctuation, but how a sentence is punctuated is of ten dependent on a writer’s style or intended meaning.  For example  A women without her man is lost

 A women without her man is lost.  A women without her man is lost!  A women without her man is lost?

Punctuation marks show Colons : Question Marks ? Exclamation Points ! Quotation Marks “ ” Parentheses ( ) Apostrophes ’ Hyphens - Dashes -- Ellipses …

Colons :  Rule 1  Use the colon after a complete sentence to introduce a list of items.  For example  You may be required to bring many items: sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing.  I want the following items: butter, sugar, and flour.  I want to buy some food for the journey: a loaf of bread, some cakes, and some snack.

 Rule 2  Use a colon instead of a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no conjunction is being used to connect the sentences.  For example  I enjoy reading: novels by Kim Yong Ik are among my favorites.  Garlic is used in Italian cooking: It greatly enhances the flavor of pasta dishes.

 Rule 3  Use the colon to introduce a direct quotation that is more than three lines in length.  For example  The author of Touched, Jane Straus, wrote in the first chapter:  Georgia went back to her bed and stared at the intricate patterns of burned moth wings in the translucent glass of the overhead light. Her father was in “hyper mode” again where nothing could calm him down.  He’d been talking nonstop for a week about remodeling projects, following her around the house as she tried to escape his chatter. He was just about to crash, she knew.

 Rule 3  It can introduce a full-sentence quotation  For example  Julia Alvares phrases it thus ： “ I relaxed in this second language.”

 Rule 4  Use the colon to follow the salutation of a business letter even when addressing someone by his/her first name. Never use a semicolon after a salutation.  For example  Dear Mr.Rakan:

Question Marks ?  Rule 1  Use a question mark only after a direct question.  Examples:  Will you go with me?  I asked if he would go with me.

 Rule 2  Use a question mark when a sentence is half statement and half question.  Example:  You do care, don't you?  You are happy, aren’t you?

 Rule 3  It comes after deliberate sentence fragments that imply a question.  For example  And my waits at the counter?

Exclamation Points !  Rule  Use the exclamation point to show emotion or surprise. Do not use the exclamation point in formal business writing.  Example:  I'm truly shocked by your behavior!  How big the tree is!

Quotation Marks “ ’’  Rule 1  Periods and commas always go inside quotation marks, even inside single quotes.  Examples:  The sign changed from "Walk," to "Don't Walk," to "Walk" again within 30 seconds.  She said, "Hurry up."  She said, "He said, 'Hurry up.'"

 Rule 2  The placement of question marks with quotes follows logic. If a question is in quotation marks, the question mark should be placed inside the quotation marks.  Examples:  She asked, "Will you still be my friend?"  Do you agree with the saying, "All's fair in love and war"? Here the question is outside the quote. The quotation itself is a question. Your own sentence is a question

 Rule 3  When you have a question outside quoted material and inside quoted material, use only one question mark and place it inside the quotation mark.  Example:  Did she say, "May I go?"

 Rule 4  Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes. Note that the period goes inside all quote marks.  Example:  He said, “Jack said, 'Do not treat me that way.'"

 Rule 5  Do not use quotation marks with quoted material that is more than three lines in length.  Rule 6  Use quotation marks to set off a direct quotation only.  Examples:  He asked when you will be there.  "When will you be here?" he asked.

 Rule 7  Quote material  For example  According to the author, “ …’’  As the author says, “…”

Class exercise  What are you doing  What a wonderful day  I have to buy lots of things for the trip some snack a pair of sunglass and a camera  According to the author However I don’t agree that this is the best way to educate students  I agree with the author’s point that We can change our lives  Great You are right  I want to buy some gifts for you a book a book and a book  He said what’s the time  As the author says English is hard for me

quiz  What is your name  I want to know what your name is  Can you tell me what your name is  Wow what a amazing movie  Kim Yong Ik phrases it thus The language that I was attacking loomed larger and larger as I began to learn more  The author claims that It is hard to adapt to a new culture  Are you crazy I want to kill you seriously  How cool the car is  Jack is kind isn’t he  Is the weather bad

Parentheses ( ) It may be used for several purposes:  (1)- They can indicate documentation of sources.  - According to Yezierska, “Nothing had ever come to me without my going out after it” (page 40).  “Then I lost my spirit” (Zitkala-sa, page 28)

Parentheses ( )  (2)- Use full parentheses to enclose numbers or letters used for listed items.  - Critical reading Includes. (1) Background knowledge. (2) Key vocabulary. (3) Highlight important idea. (4) Take notes.

Parentheses ( )  Hi :)  The weather is good :-)  It is not going to rain today =)  Parentheses is much more useful than only to be used as a smiley face.

Apostrophes '  Use an apostrophes to indicate possession.  I am glad to be in Lorena's class.  Everyone's opinion has equal value! (Moore, page 118)

Apostrophes '  Use the apostrophe with contractions. The apostrophe is always placed at the spot where the letter is missing.  There's [contraction of there is].  don't, isn't.  You're right.  She's a great teacher.

Exercises Use the rules we just learn, and find a mistakes.  Whos the partys candidate for vice president this year?  And when you smile The whole world stops and stares for awhile Bruno Mars.  Did not you hear that they are leaving tomorrow

Hyphens - It can be used for several purposes.  It can divide multi-syllable words when there is no more room on the line.  Because she has a great voice, I enjoy my time list- ening to her everyday.  "I started to learn English during my high sch- ool days in Korea" (Kim, page 43)

Hyphens -  It can join compound words.  She have been missed when she was a thirteen-year-old.  The well-known actress accepted her award

Dashes – There are many uses of the en and em dash and also many ways to form these dashes using your computer. The following explanations offer the most common uses and methods for forming these dashes.  En Dash  An en dash is a little longer than a hyphen. It is used for periods of time when you might otherwise use to.  Examples: The years 2001–2003 January–June

Dashes –  Em Dash  Use an em dash in informal writing, em dashes may replace commas, semicolons, colons, and parentheses to indicate added emphasis, an interruption, or an abrupt change of thought.  Examples: You are the friend—the only friend—who offered to help me. I wish you would—oh, never mind. This shows an abrupt change in thought and warrants an em dash.

Ellipses … Use ellipsis marks when omitting a word, phrase, line, paragraph, or more from a quoted passage.  Use no more than three marks whether the omission occurs in the middle of a sentence or between sentences.  Original sentence: The regulation states, "All agencies must document overtime or risk losing federal funds."  Rewritten using ellipses: The regulation states, "All agencies must document overtime...“

Ellipses …  NOTE: With the three-dot method, you may leave out punctuation such as commas that were in the original.  Original sentence from Lincoln's Gettysburg Address: "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.“  Rewritten using ellipses: "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth...a new nation, conceived in liberty..."

Exercises  “ I spend so much time studying that I dont have chance to learn any thing” page 5 (3 mistakes)  “My native tongue was not quite as good as English, as if words like columpio were illegal immigrants trying to cross a border into another language.” page 32 (Use the ellipses, and find a mistake in the quote).

The End  Punctuation is a tool that used to help the reader to understand more about the sentences.  Regards,  Rakan and Jack.