Chris Damiani Michael Swindle Emily Taege

 James Augustine Aloysius Joyce was born on February 2, 1882 outside Dublin, to the impoverished gentleman John Stanislaus Joyce and Mary Jane Murray, the daughter of a wine merchant.  James was the oldest of the couples ten surviving children. John and Mary would burry six children in all.

Home life for young James was tough. After failing to open a brewery his father moved the family around a total of 14 times while following different odd jobs. Despite the family’s many financial struggles they were able to maintain a middle class façade for most of Joyce’s childhood.

From the age of six Joyce was educated by Jesuits. First at Clongowes Wood College at Clane, then with the Christian Brothers, and later at Belvedere College in Dublin, in the hopes that the would join the priesthood. This never happened though because by the age of 16 Joyce had renounced Catholicism, and he entered the Jesuit run University College ( ). In 1900 he published his first essay over the Ibsen play When we Dead Awaken, which appeared in the Fortnightly Review.

 In 1904 after graduating and the death of his mother Joyce and his one day wife Nora Barnacle moved to Poal now Pula, Croatia where they lived for 6 months before moving to Trieste. Here James took a job as an English teacher, and for the next ten years Joyce and his family lived mostly in Trieste.  At the start of World War I James, Nora, and their two children Giorgio and Lucia moved to Zurich, where James started work on Ulysses. Joyce and company moved back to Paris around 1923 and remained there until the fall of France in World War II when they moved back to Zurich, where Joyce remained until his death in January, 1941.

 Joyce created a narrative style that changed the way modern novelists were able to write about the world  Influenced other important modernist writers including: -William Faulkner (American) -Samuel Beckett (Irish) -Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Colombia) -Alain Robbe-Grillet (French) -Marguente Duras (French) -Nathalie Sarraute (French)  Joyce found new ways to explore the daily lives and fragmentary dreams of characters

 “The Dead” is the last story found in Dubliners- contains many of the themes found throughout the volume  Joyce intended it to be “a chapter in the moral history” of his country-he considered Dublin a “centre of paralysis” in Ireland  Modernism: “a deliberate philosophical and practical estrangement or divergence from the past in the arts and literature occurring esp. in the course of the 20th century and taking form in any of various innovative movements and styles.”

 “stream-of-conciousness technique”-attempts to reproduce the natural flow of thoughts and emotions  His aim: “to obtain a fuller understanding of human experience by displaying subconscious associations along with conscious thoughts.”  epiphanies: “a moment when everything fuses and makes sense in a larger spiritual perspective” ex: blanket of snow at the end of “The Dead”

 ‘‘The Dead’’ is the last story in a collection called Dubliners (1914)  “The Dead” is a story abut Gabriel Conroy a professor and book reviewer who attends a Christmas party held by his aunts. He dances with a colleague and delivers a brief speech. As the party ends, Gabriel sees his wife, Gretta, listening to a song. The concentration on her face causes him to feel emotional. At their hotel later, Gabriel learns the meaning of Gretta’s concentration. She was moved by a memory of a previous lover, who died for her love. Gabriel realizes that they both have never felt this passionate about their marriage.

 The Dead” is set in Dublin, Ireland, in the early twentieth century.  The story takes place in two specific areas the house where the party is held and a hotel in Dublin. Setting

 Gabriel Conroy - The main character of the story. Professor and book reviewer  Kate Morkan and Julia Morkan – Older sisters who host the party.  Mary Jane Morkan - Niece of Kate and Julia Morkan.  Lily – Maid.  Gretta Conroy - Gabriel's wife.  Molly Ivors - Colleague of Gabriel's, Irish patriot.  Mr. Browne - Only Protestant at the party.  Freddy Malins - Drunk and friend of Gabriel.  Bartell D'Arcy - A famous tenor. Characters

 Joyce was one of the first writers to use the mimetic style.  Mimetic style - a style that mimics or imitates - does not report thoughts using objective language but shows the character’s thoughts by using the character’s language.  He presents the characters’ thoughts and actions without comment. Including the final conclusion, when Gabriel has his revelation, the reader is left not knowing what his revelation means.  The final presentation without comment forces the reader to interpret the events for themselves Writing style

    “James Joyce”. O’Brien, Edna.  Lawall, Sarah ed. “The Norton Anthology of World Literature”, Volume F. New York: W W Norton & Company,  “World Authors ”, Volume Two. Seymour-Smith & Kimmens.