Computer Fundamentals IC3 Chapter 1 Computers and Computer Systems

List 5 Ways You Use Computers In Everyday Life Educational institutions use computers to enhance instruction in all disciplines and to provide online instructions Video game systems transport you to an imaginary world Using ATM’s, you can withdraw money from your bank account from almost any location in the world

List 5 Ways You Use Computers In Everyday Life (cont) On television and at the movies, you can see instant replays in sports or amazing special effects that take you to outer space Mobile computing, text messaging, e-mail, and online audio/video conferencing allow you to communicate with people at almost any location

Question 2 2. Computers have been around for more than ____ years and were developed in the late ____ and early 1950s. They were designed initially for use by the ____ and the _____. 60 1940’s Military Government

Question 3 3. What did Dr. Ted Hoff develop in 1971? Microprocessor

Question 4 4. Who built the first Apple computers in 1976? Steve Jobs Steve Wozniak

Question 5 5. In 1980, Bill Gates worked with ____ to develop the ____ ____ ____ (DOS) for the IBM PC which became the PC of choice for businesses. IBM Disk Operating System

Question 6 A computer is an ____ that receives data, ____ data, stores data, and ____ a result. Electronic Device Processes Produces

Question 7 A Computer System Includes: Hardware Software Data People

Question 8 The Hardware Includes: Wires Transistors Circuits

Question 9 9. _____ devices such as printers and monitors are also called hardware. Peripheral

Question 10 10. ____ consists of the instructions or programs for controlling the computer. Software

Question 11 11. ____ is text, numbers, sound, images, or video. Data

Question 12 12. List the four steps (in order) for the information processing cycle: Inputs Data, Processes Data, Stores Information and Data, Outputs Information

Question 13 13. Listed below are several parts of a computer. Next to each part, determine which function it performs. (I, P, S, O). Keyboard _____ Monitor _____ Mouse _____ Printer _____ CPU _____ Flash Drive _____

Question 14 14. A computer performs only two operations: Arithmetic Computations Logical Operations (AND, OR, NOT)

Six Types of General Purpose Computers Desktop and Notebook Server - Used by small to medium sized companies and can support a few hundred users. (File Server {Network}, Database Server, Web Server) Mobile Devices

Six Types of General Purpose Computers 4. Tablet PC 5. Mainframe Computer - Used by large companies, a large, expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds or even thousands of users 6. Supercomputer - Fastest type, government agencies and large corporations used for specialized applications to process enormous amounts of data

Other Computer Devices Embedded Computers Portable Music and Media Players Calculators Computer Game Systems Electronic Book Readers

17. What is the CPU? Brains of the Computer. Contains millions of switches and pathways that help your computer make important decisions.

17. What is Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) One of Two Parts of the CPU: Performs arithmetic computations and logical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). These determine what you appears on your screen.

17. What is the Control Unit? One of Two Parts of the CPU: The boss. Coordinates all of the processors activities.

Question 18 18. The smallest unit of measurement is a ______. Bit

Question 19 19. A byte is made up of ______ bits. 8

20. Complete the Table Term Abbreviation Number of Bytes Kilobyte K or KB 1,024 Megabyte MB 1,048,576 Gigabyte GB 1,073,741,824 Terabyte TB 1,099,511,627,776

Question 21 21. _____ is found on the motherboard. The easiest way to remember memory is in terms of short term or long term memory. Memory

Question 22 22. Memory on the motherboard is ____. This is called RAM or ____. Short-Term Random Access Memory

Question 23 23. When a computer is turned off or loses power, whatever is stored in the RAM will ____. Disappear

Question 24 24. Another type of memory you will find on the motherboard is called ROM which stands for ____. This type of chip ___ that are needed for computer operations. A computer can _____ from a ROM chip, but it cannot write or store data on the chip. Read Only Memory Stores Specific Instructions Read

Question 25 25. Magnetic Storage Devices As disk rotates, it is read by an electromagnetic read/write head Data is stored by numbered tracks Data is stored in a File Allocation Table (FAT)

Question 25 (cont) 25. Hard Disk Can be internal or external Data Access is Faster More Storage Space than removable Drives

Question 25 (cont) 25. Magnetic Tape Primarily used to back-up files Come in a variety of shapes and sizes Used to store large amounts of data – Process is slow. Used as a back-up to a hard drive

Question 25 (cont) Coated with a Hard Plastic Case 25. 3 ½ Inch disks or Zip Disks Coated with a Hard Plastic Case Limited storage Capacity Replaced now by USB storage devices

Question 25 (cont) 25. Optical Storage Devices Use Laser technology to read and write Storage devices referred to as Discs CD’s and DVD’s are available in ROM, R, or RW format

Question 25 (cont) 25. Solid State Storage Media Referred to as Removable Media Done completely electronically, no mechanical parts Used for cameras, PDA’s, music players, Flash Drives

Question 25 (cont) 25. Network Drives Hard or Tape Drive stored located on a computer other than the user’s local system Connected to Network and shared by multiple users Can be accessed from any computer on the network

Question 26 26. List rules for caring for storage media: Avoid Extreme Temperatures Keep away from magnets When handling DVD’s and CD’s, hold at the edges Remove from computer when not in use and store properly