ARRA OPPORTUNITIES FOR HELPING LOW-INCOME CHILDREN AND FAMILIES Hannah Matthews Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP) Elev8 Institute Albuquerque, New Mexico May 20,

Overview of the ARRA  American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, passed February 17, 2009  Most funds available FY  Governors required to certify state will accept funds  Certification letters:  Agencies will track funds:  Government wide: recovery.gov  Link to state recovery pages:  Agency recovery websites HHS: ED: 2

Purposes of the ARRA  The purposes of the ARRA include:  to preserve and create jobs and promote economic recovery;  to assist those most impacted by the recession;  to provide investments needed to increase economic efficiency by spurring technological advances in science and health;  to invest in transportation, environmental protection, and other infrastructure that will provide long-term economic benefits; and  to stabilize state and local government budgets, in order to minimize and avoid reductions in essential services and counterproductive state and local tax increases. 3

Opportunities for low-income children and families  Presentation will focus on education, family economic success, early childhood, community supports  Not going to talk about Health coverage expansions, Higher Education, Adult Employment and Training—though they are critical investments.

ARRA Challengesfor Implementation  Numerous agencies at the federal and state level to develop guidance, manage state and local grants, and monitor spending.  Funds need to be spent quickly, potentially leaving little time for planning and needs assessment.  Data collection will be critical for successful implementation.  Many areas of investment have no or minimal rules around supplantation and may allow states to substitute federal funds for state general revenues. 5

Education  Over $100 billion ARRA education investment  State Fiscal Stabilization Fund -$54 billion  Title I, Part A - $13 billion  IDEA, Part B, school age grants - $11.3 billion  IDEA, Part B, preschool grants - $400 million  IDEA Part C - $500 million  Teacher Incentive Fund - $200 million  Teacher Quality Enhancement - $100 million  Homeless Children and Youth - $70 million  Also, funding for Vocational Rehabilitation, Pell Grants & Work Study, Impact Aid, Statewide Data Systems 6

ED Department ARRA Principles 7 1. Spend funds quickly to save and create jobs. 2. Ensure transparency, reporting, and accountability. 3. Invest one-time ARRA funds thoughtfully to minimize the “funding cliff.” 4. Improve student achievement through school improvement and reform. U.S. Department of Education,

Advancing Core Reforms/Assurances 8 U.S. Department of Education,

Formula Competitive U.S. Department of Education,

State Fiscal Stabilization Fund (SFSF)  Formula grants  SFSF for Education to LEAs ($39.8 billion) Avoid reductions in education funding and teacher layoffs Advance education reforms from early learning through post- secondary May be used for any activity authorized under ESEA, IDEA, Adult Ed or Perkins States must fund K-12 and IHE at or above FY levels.  SFSF for Governor ($8.8 billion) For education, school modernization, public safety or other government services  States submitting applications to ED California and Illinois have approved applications 10

SFSF cont’d  Competitive grants  Race to the Top ($4.35 billion) States making progress towards education reforms/assurances  What Works and Innovation ($650 million) LEAs or non-profits making significant gains in closing achievement gap  Two rounds of grant awards: late Fall 2009, Summer

Title I  $10 billion for grants to LEAs as FY 2009 allocation (Part A)  4 % for school improvement  $3 billion School Improvement Grants  Priority to lowest-achieving schools, commitment to school improvement plans  ED encourages LEAs to consider using Title I ARRA for early childhood programs and programs serving secondary schools. 12

Early Childhood Education  $5 billion in new funding  $1 billion – Head Start  $1.1 billion – Early Head Start  $2 billion – Child Care and Development Block Grant  $400 million – IDEA Part B, Preschool grants  $500 million – IDEA Part C, infants and toddlers  In addition, opportunities in Title I, State Fiscal Stabilization Funds, Race to the Top grants, Title II Higher Education partnership grants, Education for Homeless Children and Youth. 13

Early Intervention and Nutrition Assistance  IDEA, Part B, Section 619  IDEA, Part C  Resources for Child Find, early identification, professional development, appropriate therapies in natural settings and to meet FAPE provision  SNAP (formerly Food Stamps) - $20 billion  WIC - $500 million  The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) - $150 million  School Lunch Program - $100 million equipment grants. 14

Economic Success  Unemployment Insurance - $40 billion  Extends federal emergency benefits  Increases UI benefits by $25/week  Provides $7 billion in incentive funding to states that adopt UI reforms. Unemployment Rates for States – Monthly Rankings, Seasonally Adjusted (March 2009, Preliminary) StateRate California11.2 Illinois9.1 Maryland6.9 New Mexico5.9 U.S. (April 09)8.9 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Unemployment Insurance  Nationally, only 37 percent of unemployed workers receive unemployment benefits.  Low-wage and part- time workers less likely to receive benefits.  Women less likely to receive benefits than men. Source: NELP, Half in Ten, and Center for American Progress Action Fund, Helping the Jobless Helps Us All, 2008.

Economic Success  TANF Emergency Contingency Fund - $5 billion  States will receive 80 percent of increases in spending in one or more of three areas: Assistance Non-recurrent, short-term benefits Subsidized employment  States can receive up to 50% of block grant over two years.  Worrisome that TANF caseloads have not risen in many states given rising need.

Economic Success  Child Care and Development Block Grant - $2 billion  Child care assistance for children from birth through age 13  Discretionary funds, no state match requirement  All existing rules apply: 4 percent minimum quality set-aside on expenditures 5 percent administrative cap  $255 million set-aside for quality of which $94 million is dedicated to quality investments for infants and toddlers  Funds are available NOW as part of FFY

Head Start and Early Head Start  Head Start -$1 billion. Funds will be used to:  Pay a cost of living (COLA) increase of nearly 5 percent  Allow providers to invest in quality improvements, such as training and education for teachers and aides, as well as new resources and equipment  Expand to serve more preschool age children  Early Head Start - $1.1 billion to double the number of children served.  Provides high quality early childhood services in centers and home based programs.  Funds can be used for start-up as well as for direct service provision.  Partnerships and coordination are key to successful proposals. 19

Economic Success  Child Support Enforcement - $1 billion (restores federal match)  State Energy Program - $3.1 billion to do energy audits and renovations to help lower energy bills for low-income families  Homelessness Prevention - $1.5 billion  FEMA Emergency Food and Shelter (rent/mortgage, food, other supports) - $100 million  Making Work Pay Tax Credit  EITC expansion  Child Tax Credit expansion  Lowers refundability threshold from $3,000 to $9,000  Opportunity Tax Credit  Up to $2,500 to support education  40 percent refundable 20

Community Support  Neighborhood Stabilization Program - $2 billion  Community Services Block Grant - $1 billion  Community Development Block Grant - $1 billion  Grants to Non-profits - $50 million  Weatherization Assistance Program - $5 billion  Youth Training and Employment (summer jobs) - $1.2 billion  SFSF funds for renovation of school facilities and possibly early childhood programs 21

Making the most of ARRA funds  Watch for federal guidance  Coordinate with local and statewide planning efforts  Assess community needs  Determine capacity for expansion/opportunities to partner  Link vulnerable children and families to family supports and health services 22

CLASP Resources on ARRA  Audio Conference Series: What the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Means for Programs Serving Low Income Americans  Improving Outcomes for Black Men and Boys  Serving Older Youth  Transitional Jobs Programs  Income Supports  Pathways to Good Jobs and Sustainable Employment  Child Care and Early Education  Download transcripts, listen to streaming audio and access additional resources:  More Economic Recovery analyses at 23

For more information Hannah Matthews Senior Policy Analyst, Child Care and Early Education Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP) (202)

Appendix. State ARRA Allocations (selected programs) 25

California ProgramARRA Funding (Millions) ESEA Title I Grants to LEAs$1,124.9 School Improvement Grants$346.3 Impact Aid- Construction$1.4 Educational Technology State Grants$70.6 Subtotal, All of the Above Programs, which are authorized by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act $1,543.3 Education for Homeless Children and Youth$13.8 Special Education – Grants to States$1,226.9 Special Education – Preschool Grants$41.0 Grants for Infants and Families$53.2 State Fiscal Stabilization Fund – Education State Grants$4,875.5 State Fiscal Stabilization Fund – Government Services$1,084.8 Subtotal, Elementary/Secondary Level Programs$8,838.6

California ProgramARRA – Funding (Millions) Child Support$154.5 Training & Employment –Youth Services$188.5 Training & Employment – Dislocated Workers$225.0 Training & Employment – Adult Activities$80.9 Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG)$220.3 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (Food Stamp) Program – * Increase in Food Stamp Benefits * Food Stamp Administration (FY 2009 & 2010) $1,466.0 $21.8 Community Services Block Grant (CSBG)$89.2 Tax BenefitsARRA – Families Served Child Tax Credit – Children Helped By Lowering Earnings Threshold: * From $8,500 (2008 tax threshold) to $3,000 * From $12,550 (2009 tax threshold) to $3, million children 2.25 million children Making Work Pay Tax Credit – Estimated Taxpayers Benefitting million taxpayers

Illinois ProgramARRA Funding (Millions) ESEA Title I Grants to LEAs$420.3 School Improvement Grants$124.2 Impact Aid- Construction$0.7 Educational Technology State Grants$26,5 Subtotal, All of the Above Programs, which are authorized by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act $571.6 Education for Homeless Children and Youth$2.6 Special Education – Grants to States$506.5 Special Education – Preschool Grants$18.3 Grants for Infants and Families$17.5 State Fiscal Stabilization Fund – Education State Grants$1,681.1 State Fiscal Stabilization Fund – Government Services$374.0 Subtotal, Elementary/Secondary Level Programs$3,171.7

Illinois ProgramARRA – Funding (Millions) Child Support$37.0 Training & Employment –Youth Services$62.8 Training & Employment – Dislocated Workers$65.3 Training & Employment – Adult Activities$26.1 Child Care (CCDBG)$73.8 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (Food Stamp) Program – * Increase in Food Stamp Benefits * Food Stamp Administration (FY 2009 & 2010) $890 $11.9 Community Services Block Grant (CSBG)$47.2 Tax BenefitsARRA – Families Served Child Tax Credit – Children Helped By Lowering Earnings Threshold: * From $8,500 (2008 tax threshold) to $3,000 * From $12,550 (2009 tax threshold) to $3, ,000 children 626,000 children Making Work Pay Tax Credit – Estimated Taxpayers Benefitting 4.71 million taxpayers

Maryland ProgramARRA Funding (Millions) ESEA Title I Grants to LEAs$136.0 School Improvement Grants$39.9 Impact Aid- Construction$0 Educational Technology State Grants$8.5 Subtotal, All of the Above Programs, which are authorized by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act $184.3 Education for Homeless Children and Youth$0.8 Special Education – Grants to States$200.2 Special Education – Preschool Grants$6.9 Grants for Infants and Families$7.5 State Fiscal Stabilization Fund – Education State Grants $719.7 State Fiscal Stabilization Fund – Government Services $160.1 Subtotal, Elementary/Secondary Level Programs$1,279.7

Maryland ProgramARRA – Funding (Millions) Child Support$29.2 Training & Employment –Youth Services$11.7 Training & Employment – Dislocated Workers$12.3 Training & Employment – Adult Activities$5.0 Child Care (CCDBG)$24.0 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (Food Stamp) Program – * Increase in Food Stamp Benefits * Food Stamp Administration (FY 2009 & 2010) $219 $4.2 Community Services Block Grant (CSBG)$13.7 Tax BenefitsARRA – Families Served Child Tax Credit – Children Helped By Lowering Earnings Threshold: * From $8,500 (2008 tax threshold) to $3,000 * From $12,550 (2009 tax threshold) to $3, ,000 children 178,000 children Making Work Pay Tax Credit – Estimated Taxpayers Benefitting 2.17 million taxpayers

New Mexico ProgramARRA Funding (Millions) ESEA Title I Grants to LEAs$80.8 School Improvement Grants$24.2 Impact Aid- Construction$4.3 Educational Technology State Grants$5.1 Subtotal, All of the Above Programs, which are authorized by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act $114.4 Education for Homeless Children and Youth$0.5 Special Education – Grants to States$91.1 Special Education – Preschool Grants$3.4 Grants for Infants and Families$2.9 State Fiscal Stabilization Fund – Education State Grants $260.4 State Fiscal Stabilization Fund – Government Services $57.9 Subtotal, Elementary/Secondary Level Programs$530.7

New Mexico ProgramARRA – Funding (Millions) Child Support$4.6 Training & Employment –Youth Services$6.3 Training & Employment – Dislocated Workers$3.5 Training & Employment – Adult Activities$2.7 Child Care (CCDBG)$17.8 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (Food Stamp) Program – * Increase in Food Stamp Benefits * Food Stamp Administration (FY 2009 & 2010) $172.0 $2.2 Community Services Block Grant (CSBG)$5.7 Tax BenefitsARRA – Families Served Child Tax Credit – Children Helped By Lowering Earnings Threshold: *From $8,500 (2008 tax threshold) to $3,000 *From $12,550 (2009 tax threshold) to $3, ,000 children 153,000 children Making Work Pay Tax Credit – Estimated Taxpayers Benefitting 690,000 taxpayers