USING GIS FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES ANALYSIS

»Federal TES (threatened and endangered species) in Indiana »Need for Analysis »Data sources »Analysis Tools »Analysis Examples »Communicating Results

Federally Threatened and Endangered Species in Indiana

Bald Eagle -- Delisted Interior Least TernPiping Plover Federally Listed Birds

Karner Blue Butterfly Wild Blue Lupine Mitchell’s Satyr Butterfly Fen Hine’s Emerald Green Dragonfly American Burying Beetle Federally Listed Insects

Gray Bat Indiana Bat Indiana Bat Habitat Federally Listed Bats

Federally Listed Mussels

Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake Copperbelly Water Snake Federally Listed Reptiles

Dune (Pitcher’s) Thistle Great Lake Dunes Lesquereux’s Mustard (Short’s Bladderpod) cliffs, calcareous rock Mead’s Milkweed tall grass prairie or glade Prairie White- fringed Orchid prairies and fens Running Buffalo Clover woodlots, parks, trails Short’s Goldenrod glades, wood edges Federally Listed Plants

Need for Analysis »Research »Section 7 Consultation (Federally listed only) »Planning and Management of Development and/or Mitigation in Natural Areas

Data Sources

Data: Locating Species »Indiana Natural Heritage Database (IDNR, Division of Nature Preserves) »USFWS, Field Office »Investigators from universities or agencies listed in research literature »Local/Regional biologists, naturalists, and land managers »Suitable habitat (land cover layers, aerial photographs) »Field survey in coordination with USFWS

Data: Field Survey »GPS  Sampling locations  Digital photograph locations  Telemetry »GIS  survey planning  Random sample points  Results analysis »Accuracy Assessment

Data: Digital Base Layers Indiana GIS Atlas – (INDOT, BLA, IGS)

Data: Digital Base Layers Indiana Spatial Data – (IU)

Indiana View – (GloVis) Data: Digital Base Layers

County/City Online Maps and Data – (IGIC)

Data: Digital Base Layers Geospatial Data Clearinghouses Forest Service U. S. Department of Agriculture Fish and Wildlife Service National Hydrography Dataset Information Data Agriculture Statistics Demographic Statistics

Creating Spatial Data »GPS Data Collection »Digitizing Hardcopy »Summarizing Tabular Information with a spatial component »Creating data from coordinates

Creating Spatial Data »Interpolating Grids from Sample Points »Photo Interpreting Aerial Photography »Remote Sensing »METADATA, METADATA, METADATA!!!!!

Analysis Software and Tools

Landscape Analysis

»Animal Movement Analysis  Home Range, Path Analysis, Location Analysis »Spatial Tools »Population Viability Analysis  creates life tables and evaluates the probability of extinction in the face of variation. »Oceanographic Analyst Movement Analysis & Home Range

»Stratified Interpolation »Generates Reference Map »Analysis of Map Similarity »Capture Point Value »Generate Random Points Point Data Analysis

»Alternate animal movement routes »Nearest Features »Matched Features Distance/Azimuth »Random points »Weighted Means »Convex Hulls »Grid, Surface Area, Slope Tools »Mahalanobis Distances Other Tools

Wildlife Corridors »Corridor Design [ArcCatalog]  HSI, Corridor Models, DEMs to slope position raster »Corridor Evaluation [ArcMap]  Compares widths and bottlenecks, distance between patches, statistics

Landscape Habitat Suitability Models for 21 Species Ovenbird Prairie warbler Henslow’s sparrow Hooded warbler Cerulean warbler Yellow-breasted chat Pine warbler Worm-eating warbler Wood thrush Wild turkey Ruffed grouse American woodcock Northern bobwhite Gray squirrel Black bear Bobcat Red bat Northern long-eared bat Indiana bat Red backed salamander Timber rattlesnake USFS – Northern Research Station Journal of Wildlife Management (2):

»Functional Linkage of Watersheds and Streams (FLoWS)  aquatic and terrestrial landscapes are hydrologically-linked »Functional Connectivity Tools (FunnConn)  landscape connectivity is examined from a functional perspective »Spatially balanced sampling  provides environmental managers a practical, useful GIS tool to generate simple, efficient, and robust survey designs for natural resource applications

»R is a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics

Species Probability Distributions »Biomapper  Performs Ecological Niche Factor Analysis and outputs a habitat suitability model »GARP  Predict and analysis species distributions »openModeller  creates a fundamental niche model and projects the model into an environmental scenario

Analysis Examples

Biological Reach »Biological reach vs. Project Footprint »How far away will impacts from the project effect the species of interest both directly and indirectly?

Data Collection »DNR Databases »USFWS Recent Records »Field Data Collection »Small Scale Land Cover »Large Scale Land Cover »Photo Interpretation »Habitat Line Transects

m LULC m Tree cover

Travel Distance Analysis

Patch Analysis

Core Area Analysis

Proximity Analysis

Using GIS to Facilitate Communication

Discuss Analysis Early and Often »Frequent, informal communication »GIS creates images for discussion »GIS quickly runs different tolerances to determine methods

Sharing Data » »ArcExplorer »METADATA – no data leaves home without it.

Confidentiality Issues »Digital data is easily shared »Use restricted folders »Place lots of notices in metadata »Use “confidential” in the filename »Work with regulatory agencies on the best ways to protect confidential hardcopy documents.

File Management »Detailed file management is a MUST »Archive old versions of maps and data »Fully describe methods in metadata or other documents.

Contact Information Cinda Bonds Wildlife Biologist Bernardin, Lochmueller & Associates Evansville, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana

Data References INDIANA ATLAS INDIANA SPATIAL DATA PORTAL INDIANA COUNTIES / CITIES INDIANA VIEW FOREST SERVICE GEODATA CLEARINGHOUSE FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS DATA

Data References USDA SPATIAL DATA GATEWAY FWS GEOSPATIAL DATA INVENTORY GEODATA.GOV INDIANA AGRICULTURE STATISTICS INDIANA DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS NATIONAL HYDROGRAPHY DATASET

Software References CLEARINGHOUSE FOR ECOLOGY SOFTWARE – IL NATL HISTORY SURVEY JENNESS ENTERPRISES OPEN MODELLER DESKTOP GARP BIOMAPPER DUKE GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM

Software References STARMAP R PROJECT STATISTICS PATCH ANALYST FRAGSTATS ANIMAL MOVEMENT / SPATIAL TOOLS / POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS CORRIDOR DESIGNER LANDSCAPE HSIMODELS