SPONGES. Some basic sponge structure Asconoid LeuconoidSyconoid Increasing surface area for same volume.

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Presentation transcript:

SPONGES

Some basic sponge structure Asconoid LeuconoidSyconoid Increasing surface area for same volume

Structure of the sponge wall

Unique features Choanocytes Spicules

CalcareousSiliceous Collagen (= spongin)

Spicules form a meshwork for support

Sponge Classification PhylumClassCharacteristics PoriferaCalcarea-CaCO3 spicules - all are marine Hexactinellida-SiO3 spicules - 6-rayed spicules - all are marine - “ glass sponges ” Demospongiae -SiO3 spicules - may have spongin - marine, brackish or fresh water Sclerospongiae- coralline sponges -reassigned to Demospongiae and Calcarea (1985)

Page in “ Reef Creatures ” GenusCommon Name 17Pseudoceratina-branching tube sponge 17Pseudoceratina-branching tube sponge 17Pseudoceratina-branching tube sponge 19Aplysina-Stove pipe sponge 21Aplysina-yellow tube sponge 21Aplysina-yellow tube (shallow) sponge 25Callyspongia-branching vase sponge 25Callyspongia-branching vase sponge (fan) 29Xestospongia-giant barrel sponge 33Cinachyra- orange ball sponge 35Tedania-fire sponge 37Neofibrularia- touch-me-not sponge 38Aplysina-rope sponge 39Aplysina-rope sponge 57Cliona-red boring sponge Sponges you ’ ll have to know and love

Sponges - Pseudoceratina Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Branching tube sponges

Sponges - Aplysina Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Stovepipe/tube sponges

Sponges - Callyspongia Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Branching vase sponges

Sponges - Xestospongia Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Giant Barrel sponges

Sponges - Cinachyra Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Ball sponges

Sponges - Tedania Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Fire sponges

Sponges - Neofibrularia Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Touch-me-not sponges

Sponges - Aplysina Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Rope sponges

Sponges - Cliona Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Encrusting/Boring sponges

INVERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Annelida - segmented worms Fireworms - Hermodice

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Annelida - segmented worms Featherduster worms - Sabellastarte

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Annelida - segmented worms Christmas tree worms - Spirobranchus

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Crustacea Banded coral shrimp - Stenopus hispidus

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Crustacea Pedersen ’ s cleaner shrimp - Periclemines pedersoni

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Crustacea Arrow crab - Stenorhynchus

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Crustacea Caribbean Spiny lobster - Panulirus argus

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Caribbean Reef Squid - Sepioteuthis

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Common Octopus - Octopus

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Queen conch - Strombus gigas

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Flamingo tongue - Cyphoma gibbosum

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Lettuce Sea Slug - Elysia (Tridachia) crispata

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Fuzzy Chiton - Acanthopleura

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Tunicata/Ascidia/Urochordata Painted tunicate - Clavelina

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Tunicata/Ascidia/Urochordata Mangrove tunicate - Ecteinascidia

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Crinoidea Golden crinoid - Davidaster

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Crinoidea Black-and-white crinoid - Nemaster

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Ophuroidea Brittlestar - Ophiothrix

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Echinoidea Long-spined urchin - Diadema antillarum

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Echinoidea West Indian sea egg - Tripneustes

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Holothurea Donkey dung sea cucumber - Holothuria mexicana

Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Holothurea Tiger tail sea cucumber - Holothuria thomasi

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Pomacentridae - Damselfish Dusky Damselfish3-spot DamselfishBeaugregoryBicolor Adult Juvenile All are in the genus Stegastes

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Pomacentridae - Damselfish Sergeant Major - Abudefduf Blue Chromis - Chromis

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Carangidae - jacks Bar Jack - CaranxPermit - Trachinotus Adult

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Carcharinidae - sharks Black tip reef shark -Charcharinus Nurse shark - Ginglymostoma Adult

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Dasyatidae - rays Southern sting ray -Dasyatis Adult

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Serranidae - groupers Jewfish Red grouper Red hind All are in the genus Epinelphelus Nassau grouper

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Serranidae - groupers Both are in the genus Mycertoperca Black grouper Tiger grouper

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Sphyraenidae - barracuda Sphyraena

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Parrotfish - Scaridae - Scarus Stoplight Rainbow Queen

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Parrotfish - Scaridae - Scarus Initial Phase Terminal Phase

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Balistidae - Filefish/Triggerfish Gray Triggerfish - Balistes Slender filefish - Monacanthis Whitespotted filefish - Balistes

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Tetraodontidae - Puffers Pufferfish - Sphaeriodes Balloonfish - Diodon

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Chaetodontidae - Butterfly fish Cherubfish - Centropyge Reef - Chaetodon Longsnout - Chaetodon Banded - Chaetodon Foureyed - Chaetodon Spotfin - Chaetodon

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Pomacanthidae - Angel fish Blue - HolacanthusFrench - Pomacanthus Queen - Holacanthus Juveniles

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Haemulidae - Grunts - Haemulon Bluestriped French Cottonwick Margate

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Lutjanidae - Snappers - Lutjanus Gray RedDog Mutton Schoolmaster

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Serranidae - sea basses Soapfish - RypticusLantern bass - Serranus Tobaccofish - Serranus

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Aulostomus - Aulostomidae - trumpet fish

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Acanthurus - Acanthuridae Surgeonfish/Tang Gobiosoma - Gobiidae Gobies

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Labridae - wrasses Bodianus - Spanish hogfish Clepticus - creole wrasse

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Labridae - wrasses All are in the genus Halichoeres Bluehead Puddingwife Slippery dick juvenile

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Holocentridae - squirrelfish All are in the genus Holocentrus Dusky squirrelfish Reef squirrelfish

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Apogon - Apogonidae - cardinalfish

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Ostraciidae - cowfish Spotted cowfish - Lactophrys

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Sciaenidae - drums - Equetus Spotted drum Jacknife fish Highhat

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Muraenidae - morays - Gymnothorax Green moraySpotted moray

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Congridae - garden eels - Heteroconger

Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Ophichthidae - snake eels - Myrichthyes