Take notes on pages Chapter 22, Section 2 There will be an open notes quiz at the end of class You will take the Quiz at 1:45

LBJ and the Great Society

Lyndon B. Johnson “New Deal” Democrat from Texas US House of Representative – – US Senate Only won by 87 votes “Landslide Johnson” Became the youngest Minority Leader Tried to run for President in 1960 Democrats choose JFK, LBJ Vice-President Frustrated because he no real power Political career was shaped to be a future President – strong leader

The End of Camelot JFK is assassinated on November 22, 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as President 90 minutes later on Air Force One Jackie Kennedy was by his side Federal Court Judge Sarah T. Hughes LBJ became the 36 th President LBJ

LBJ’s Great Society A series of of major legislative initiatives that continued into his second term that included major poverty relief, education aid, healthcare, voting rights, conservation, and beautification projects, urban renewal, and economic development in depressed areas Included: JFK’s civil rights agenda and tax cuts Aid to public education Medical care for the elderly Focus to climate poverty

Election of 1964 Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson vs. Republican Barry Goldwater Goldwater Senator from Arizona, Strange beliefs of Goldwater Opposed civil rights legislation Military Commanders could use nuclear weapons when they saw fit on the battlefieldnuclear weapons Johnson used fear of nuclear warfear Success of taking over the Presidency in November 1963 allowed LBJ to live up to his nickname: “Landslide Johnson” 61% popular vote 486 to 52 electoral college votes Democrats win majority in both Senate and House of Representatives in the House and 68 – 32 in Senate

The Tax Cuts Like JFK, LBJ believed deficit spending would boost the economy More money in the pockets of the people Before passed, LBJ had to agree to cut gov’t spending Passed in 1964, Gross National Product (GNP) rose by 7%, and continued to rise every year after Deficit shrunk = more civilizian spending = more tax revenues Unemployment fell Inflation remained in check

LBJ’s War on Poverty Johnson grew up poor and little to nothing growing up Economic Opportunity Act was passed in the summer of 1964 Battle poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and inadequate public services $950 million to 10 different projects and services Head Start: preschool program for children from low-income families that also provide healthcare, nutrition services, and social services VISTA: Volunteers in Service to America – sent volunteers to help people in poor communities Still around today but merged with other national service programs

Giving Aid to Education Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 Provided $1.3 billion to aid states based on the number of children in each state from low-income families Money went to both public and private schools Look at the graph on page 746 in the book What can you tell about federal money going to schools between 1959 and 1972?

Medicare and Medicaid Medical cost have always risen Truman tried to have a medical assistant plan passed but it never was 1965 Johnson was able to have Medicare and Medicaid passed Medicare: provides hospital and low-cost medical insurance to most Americans age 65 and older “No longer will older Americans be denied the healing miracle of modern medicine….no longer will illness crush and destory the savings that they have so carefully put away.” LBJ Medicaid: provides low-cost health insurance coverage to poor Americans of any age who cannot afford their own private health insurance The most important social welfare legislation since the Social Security Act of 1935

Immigration Reform Only a certain number of immigrants for each country allowed each year Passed through legislation in 1921 and 1924 Immigration Act of 1965 Limited 20,000 immigrants per year from any one country outside of the Western Hemisphere (African, European and Asian countries) 170,000 from the Eastern Hemisphere 120,000 from Western Hemisphere Family members of US citizens were not included in these numbers 1960s – 350K + immigrants 1970s – 400K + immigrants

The Warren Court Supreme Court became know as this because of Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren Supreme Court would give change and set many presidents during the 1960s Engel v. Vitale(1962) – religious prayer in public schools was unconstitutional Mapp v. Ohio(1961) – evidence gained illegally cannot be used in a trail Gideon v. Wainwright(1963) – suspects in criminal cases who could not afford a lawyer had the right to free legal aid Escobedo v. Illinois(1964) – accused individuals had to be given access to an attorney while being questioned Miranda v. Arizona(1966) – stated that a suspect must be warned of his or her rights before being questioned Miranda Rule/Rights – police must inform accused persons that they have the right to remain silent; that anything they say can be used against them in the court; that they have the right to an attorney; and that if they cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for them

The Effects of the Great Society 1964 LBJ was more popular that JFK was in his early Presidency LBJ’s popularity fell from The Civil Rights Movement continued to grow without much change Race riots throughout the country Large amounts of military spending in Vietnam Tax payers were upset their money was being sent to the poor Criticism began of poor people had become dependent on government aid and created successive generations on families on welfare instead of having jobs Number of people living in poverty cut in half by the early 1970s LBJ believed his Great Society was one the most productive presidential platforms in years The Vietnam War ended LBJ’s Great Society