Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan Computer Networks II IPTV By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri

Outline  Introduction and Motivation  IPTV System Structure  Basics of Video Encoding  Challenges 2

3  Television (TV) is a dominant and pervasive mass media  The recently rapid growth of IP-based networks, and the trend of network convergence  The tremendous increase in real-time & multimedia communications in Internet  The advantages of TV delivery via IP-based network Introduction and Motivation IPTV

4  Education: There have been some attempts to use regular TV as a medium of education. But regular TV is unidirectional in nature. Taking advantage of the bidirectional capability of IPTV, it can be used as an education environment especially in some developing countries.  Healthcare: Elderly people or people in remote locations (e.g., in rural area) cannot easily access doctors for checkup or treatment. This problem can be solved by monitoring and treatment of patients by means of IPTV (without need to leave the home) [2].  Financial services: Some people need instant access to business or financial developments and news. Taking advantage of its bidirectional capabilities, IPTV can be used as a powerful tool in stock market and television banking.  Instant feedback capability: Considering appropriate security and privacy options, IPTV enables the people to play an instant role in voting and elections [2].  Travel and tourism: You are watching a commercial advertisement regarding discounts in ticket prices; thanks to IPTV, you can book it immediately just by clicking the buttons on your remote control. Applications

5 Time Shift TV: enable stores feature and store any Broad cast and can be seen at any convenient time of the customer All Broadcast channel/live events (free as well as pay channel) Video on demand (see any movies as per your choice) Video Conferencing Personalize advertisement and greetings DVD quality picture and sound Online training and video class Alert message for favorites programms- SMS alert and many more… Applications

 An emerging technology that delivers video, audio or TV broadcasts over (IP) based networks with the required level of QOS/QOE, security, interactivity, and reliability.  In Conclusion: IPTV it means:  Television you fully control  Any content, any time, any place  Television that can take you anywhere  Unlimited visual interactive applications  It’s the IP in IPTV that’s important!  IPTV requires new technology in:  Access networks  Compression  Middleware  Customer premises equipment (CPE) Overview: IPTV = (IP) + (TV)

 Live broadcasts: It's like watching live TV on your computer screen. You can NOT pause, back up or skip through parts of the broadcast that do NOT interest you.  On-demand videos: Arranged like a playlist. Episodes or clips are arranged by title or channel or in categories like news, sports or music videos. You choose exactly what you want to watch, when you want to watch it. Services

8 Source: Wikipedia Coverage

Outline  Introduction and Motivation  IPTV System Structure  Basics of Video Encoding  Challenges 9

10 IPTV System Structure Customer Network Access Network Video Source VoD Server Core Network 2 IPTV Head-end 1 Metro Backbone 345 xDSL WiMAX ASN

IPTV Head-end Building Blocks

STB 4 DSLAM IP: IPTV head-end ISP IP backbone STB 3 STB 2 STB 1 Monitor station (generates log file) Using e.g., Tcpdump Available TV channels C1 C2 C3 C4 IGMP snooping IP Multicast Each STB is assigned an IP address by the means of DHCP

Multicast in IPTV IPTV head-end ISP IP backbone STB BRAS DSLAM Watching channel X Switch to channel Y Watching channel Y Multicast stream of channel X IGMP leave (channel X) IGMP join (channel Y) Multicast stream of channel Y Each channel change involves an IGMP leave and an IGMP join

14 Raw data SDI (270Mbit/s) Video Audio MPEG2 or H.264 Encoder MPEG2/4/H.264 Element Stream (ES) (1.5-6Mbit/s) Video Audio Encoder Single program Transport Stream (1.6-8Mb/s) PES A.V.D MUX (Transport Stream 188 byte forming) Data Program 1 Transport Streams encapsulated into IP (1.6-40Mb/s) Multi-program MPEG TS Multiplexer MUXed Multi programs TS ( Mb/s ) TS encapsulated into RTP/UDP/IP Encapsulated Video stream H.264/TS/RTP/UDP/ IP/Ethernet MPEG2/4/AVC MPEG-TS RTP Ethernet IP Program 2 Program 3 ES Packetizer (PES frame forming) ES Packetizer (PES frame forming) Packetized ES with header (1.5-6Mb/s) Audio Video UDP IPTV Head-end

15 Core Network  Central portion of an IPTV system  Provides interconnection between several metro networks  IP/MPLS and traffic engineering techniques  Use High Capacity links (e.g., 10 Gbps)

16 Distribution Network  Serves a region or a metropolitan area  Insertion of local content such as local TV channels or commercial advertisements  Provides on-demand video services to local clients

17 Access Network  Provides last-mile for IPTV subscribers  Can be based on wired technologies (e.g., xDSL, FTTx) or Wireless networks (High Speed WiFi, WiMAX, LTE, 3G).

18 Home Network  Provides TV, IP phone and Internet (triple play) services to subscribers.  Connects to Access network via a Home-gateway.

19 Video reconstruction in STB Buffer Ethernet/IP/UDP/Payload Socket STB Decoder MPEG DATA Video Decode Video Decode Audio Decode Audio Decode Buffer Payload PCR: Program Clock Reference PAT: Program Association Table PMT: Program Map Table PID: Packet IDentifier

Outline  Introduction and Motivation  IPTV System Structure  Basics of Video Encoding  Challenges 20

Original Image (1153KB) 1:1

Spatial Redundancy elimination

Original Image (1153KB) 27:1

Original Image (1153KB) 192:1

Temporal Redundancy elimination

26

An Example for Video Compression UncompressedCompressed Bit Rate= 4,562 Kbits/sBit Rate= 100 Kbits/s

28 Effect of packet loss Single B frame packet loss (only 1 frame affected) Single I frame packet loss (14 frames affected) Impact 3.75Mb/s stream: B frame packet loss vs I frame packet loss Source: Nortel

Outline  Introduction and Motivation  IPTV System Structure  Basics of Video Encoding  Challenges 29

30 IP multicast DVMRP,PIM, MOSPF IGMP, MLD Multicast forwarding protocols Group management protocols

31 Rank Popular channel High p Distribution of TV Channel Popularity Popularity

32 Rank Unpopular channel Low p Popularity Distribution of TV Channel Popularity

33 Favorite Normal Rarely watched TV channel classification multicast push multicast pull (on demand) Unicast

34 Zapping Delay in IPTV Systems (Reason) Internet VoIP IPTV 1-2 channels Last mile (6 Mb/s)

35 Zapping Delay in IPTV Systems 200 ms About 2 s Traditional analog broadcast IPTV

The frequency of I-frames Reordering delay Size of video buffer in STB PAT and PMT frequency Multicast Leave and Join times The delay of access link STB jitter buffer Conditional access and digital rights management system Packet recovery with FEC/ARQ Processing time in the STB Processing time in display device Zapping Delay in IPTV Systems

37 jitter Packet Loss (Congestion, Link failure, …) Head End Home QoS and QoE QoS QoE

Questions!Questions!

39 Television has become an essential device in almost all the houses across the world. Over the years, there have been improvements in shape and size, in picture quality (standard definition to high definition) and in the number of offered channels. Despite all of these improvements, TV for a long time remained a broadcast medium with one-way transmission from the service provider to the end-user. Meanwhile, the new generation of TV users, which have grown up with Internet and interactive gaming are no longer satisfied with one-way broadcasting of traditional TV systems. NOTES