State Standard SB1C – Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, & nucleic acids)

Carbon – The Element of Life  The element __________ is a component of almost all __________ molecules.  For this reason, life on earth is considered __________.  All __________ compounds contain carbon. 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6

 Carbon has ________ electrons in its outermost energy level.  One carbon atom can form four covalent ________ with other atoms. Chemistry in Biology  Carbon compounds can be in the shape of ____________ chains, ____________ chains, and ____________. 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6 Carbon – The Element of Life – Cont’d

Macromolecules - AKA Organic Molecules Chemistry in Biology  ____________ are large organic molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.  There are 4 macromolecules that form the structure & function of every living thing: ____________, ____________, ____________, & ________ ________. 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6

Macromolecules - Cont’d Chemistry in Biology  Macromolecules are ____________.  ____________ are molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds linked together by a series of covalent bonds.  Each macromolecule has specific ____________ (small molecules) as its __________ __________. 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6

Chemistry in Biology Carbohydrates  Functions:  Main __________ __________ for all organisms  ____________ component of cell walls  ____________ ____________on plasma membrane  Building Block/Monomer: _______________ 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6

Chemistry in Biology Carbohydrates – Cont’d  Structure:  Made of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen in a ratio of ____:____:____  Form __________, straight chains, or __________ chains  3 groups of Carbs:  ______saccharides (simple/________ sugars)  ______saccharides (chain of a ______ sugars)  ______saccharides (chain of ________ sugars) 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6

Chemistry in Biology Carbohydrates – Cont’d  Examples:  ____________  Glucose, ____________, Lactose, Sucrose  Cellulose 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6

Chemistry in Biology Lipids  Functions:  Long-term ____________ ____________  ____________ (e.g. - plasma membrane)  Waterproof ____________  Building Block/Monomer: ____________ w/ fatty ____________ tails  ____________ in water due to ____________ 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6

Chemistry in Biology Lipids Cont’d  Structure:  More carbon-hydrogen bonds & fewer ____________ atoms than carbohydrates  3 groups of Lipids:  ____________ 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6

Chemistry in Biology Lipids – Cont’d  Examples:  _______ (helps plants retain water)  Butter  Vegetable Oil  ____________  Steroids 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6

Chemistry in Biology Proteins  Functions:  ____________ contraction  ____________ of materials  Immune system  Structural ____________ block  Speed up ____________  Building Block/Monomer: _________ _________  Most ____________ macromolecule! 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6

Chemistry in Biology Proteins Cont’d  Structure:  Large & ____________  Long ____________ made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, & sometimes sulfur  Examples:  Muscle, ____________, hair, nails  Collagen  ____________  Hemoglobin  ____________  Antibodies 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6

Chemistry in Biology  The ____________ and the ____________ in which the amino acids are joined define the protein’s primary structure.  After an amino acid chain is formed, it folds into a unique three-dimensional ____________, which is the protein’s secondary structure, such as a helix or a pleat. 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6 Proteins Cont’d

Chemistry in Biology Nucleic Acids  Functions:  Store & transmit ____________ information in the form of a code  Building Block/Monomer: ____________ 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6

Chemistry in Biology Nucleic Acids Cont’d  Structure:  A nucleotide is composed of a ____________, a ____________ group, and a nitrogen-containing ____________  Examples:  _________  ATP 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life Chapter 6