Atoms in a carbohydrate: C, H, and O Carbohydrate

Function 1 of a carbohydrate: Main source of energy

Function 2 of a carbohydrate: Give structure to plants (stems, wood, etc.)

Monomer of a carbohydrate: Monosaccharide +

Example of a monosaccharide: Glucose

Polymer of a carbohydrate: Polysaccharide +

Atoms in a lipid: Mostly C and H

Function 1 of a lipid: Store energy (ex: hibernating bear)

Function 2 of a lipid: Cell membrane

Function 3 of a lipid: Waterproof covering (ex: waxy leaves)

Atoms in a nucleic acid: C, H, O, N and P

Function 1 of a nucleic acid: Store and transmit genetic information to offspring

Monomer of a nucleic acid: Nucleotide

Polymer of a nucleic acid: Nucleic acid

Atoms in a protein: C, H, O, and N

Function 1 of a protein: Form bone and muscle

Function 2 of a protein: Speed up chemical reactions (ex: breakdown of starch into glucose) enzyme Chemical reaction (breakdown of starch) Starch polymer Glucose monomers

Function 3 of a protein: Fight disease

Monomer of a protein: Amino Acid

Polymer of a protein: Protein

What does cellulose do? Gives structure to plants.

Bonds change. Old bonds break, new bonds form. Describe what happens to bonds during chemical reactions. C CCO O C CC

different can combine in different ways. How is it possible to make so many different enzymes?

Explain why starch does not spontaneously break down into glucose. Starch Glucose The is too high.

Match each reaction to its graph. 1. Burning glucose 2. Breaking down starch Burning glucose Breaking down starch Graph 2Graph 1 Absorbs A B A B Releases

Classify each reaction as having either high activation energy or low activation energy. Burning glucose Breaking down starch Low Activation Energy High Activation Energy

Classify each reaction as either spontaneous or non- spontaneous. Burning glucose Breaking down starch Low Activation Energy High Activation Energy SpontaneousNon-spontaneous Spontaneous = easy to start

What is an organic compound? A. A molecule made from different types of atoms B. A molecule made only from carbon atoms C. A molecule made from carbon atoms and other atoms D. A molecule that only exists in living things

Why is carbon an unusual atom? I. It can bond with many other atoms II. It can bond with other carbon atoms III. It only exists in living things A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. I, II, and III YES NO!

Why is carbon useful ? A. It is organic B. It can bond with other carbon atoms C. It can be used to build many different organic molecules D. It can bond with many other atoms

In the process of polymerization, A. Polymers are broken down into monomers B. Monomers join together to form polymers C. Atoms join together to form molecules D. None of the above. POLYMERIZATION = MAKING POLYMERS

Which of the following molecules is a nucleic acid/protein? Nucleic acid: C, H, O, N, P Protein: C, H, O, N

Which two organic compounds are used to store energy? A. protein and lipid B. glucose and starch C. starch and lipid D. DNA and RNA Plants (such as potatoes) store extra glucose as starch Function 1 of a lipid: store energy (ex: hibernating bear)

Which of the following is a polysaccharide? A. starch B. glucose C. cellulose D. A and C are both polysacchrides Poly = many + YES NO YES

How is cellulose used by plants? A. To store energy B. To store and transmit genetic information C. To provide structure D. To form a waterproof covering

How is starch used by plants? A. To store energy B. To store and transmit genetic information C. To provide structure D. To form a waterproof covering Plants (such as potatoes) store extra glucose as starch

Which statement is true? A. Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides. B. Glycerol is made of fatty acids. C. DNA molecules are made of nucleotides. D. Amino acids are made of proteins. Poly = many NO ? NO (reversed) Nucleotide

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A. store and transmit genetic information B. help to fight disease C. control the rate of reactions D. Form bones and muscles NO

Many nucleotides make up a nucleic acid. Many amino acids make up a protein. Which is the monomer? A. cellulose B. protein C. amino acid D. nucleic acid POLYMER

Which of the following is NOT a function of a lipid? A. forming waterproof coverings B. storing energy C. giving structure to plants D. forming cell membranes NO

How is it possible to make so many different enzymes? A. Many different enzymes must be made to catalyze different reactions. B. Many different enzymes can be made by combining 20 different nucleic acids. C. Many different enzymes can be made by combining 20 different amino acids. D. Many different proteins must be made to form different bones and muscles. Protein

What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reactions? A. They break and release energy. B. The form and absorb energy. C. They either break or form, depending on the reaction. D. They are either absorbed or released. BONDS BREAK BONDS FORM

Burning glucose in our bodies (combining glucose with oxygen) is an example of a(n): A. non-spontaneous reaction. B. reaction with high activation energy. C. energy-absorbing reaction. D. energy-releasing reaction. O O Energy

Which reaction is shown by the graph below? A. Burning glucose B. Glow stick C. Cold pack D. None of the above ENERGY ABSORBED DURING REACTION NO (energy released)

Which of the following statements is true about the graphs below? A. Reaction 1 is spontaneous, while reaction 2 is non- spontaneous. B. Reaction 1 is energy-releasing, while reaction 2 is energy-absorbing. C. Reaction 1 is spontaneous, while reaction 2 will not occur without the help of an enzyme. D. Reaction 1 represents the cold pack, while reaction 2 represents the glow stick. Reaction 1Reaction 2 NO

Why doesn’t starch spontaneously break down into glucose monomers? A. The reaction will not occur without an enzyme. B. The reaction is too slow to occur spontaneously. C. The reaction requires an input of activation energy. D. The activation energy of the reaction is too high. Starch Glucose

How do enzymes make the starch-breakdown reaction possible? A. By providing activation energy. B. By increasing the temperature of the reaction to 98.6 degrees. C. By lowering the activation energy of the reaction. D. By breaking down polymers into monomers. NO! Starch Glucose

At high temperatures, the rate of enzyme action decreases because the increased heat A. changes the pH of the system B. increases the concentration of the enzyme C. neutralizes the acids and bases in the system D. alters the shape of the enzyme Protein High temperature Enzyme can no longer fit with substrate

Enzymes influence chemical reactions in living things by A. providing the substrate required for the reaction to occur. B. providing the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. C. absorbing water released when polymers are formed. D. affecting the rate at which reactions occur. ? ? Rate = speed

The "lock and key hypothesis" attempts to explain A. enzyme specificity B. how enzymes are able to “unlock” any chemical reaction C. how bonds form between certain atoms to form compounds D. how monomers fit together perfectly to form polymers ?

Any molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n) A. substrate B. chemical reaction C. starch molecule D. substance

Which group of organic compounds includes enzymes? A. carbohydrates B. nucleic acids C. proteins D. lipids