What type of food? Carbohydrates, protein, lipids? 3 1 2 4 5 6 7

BIOMOLECULES MACROMOLECULES made by polymerization-large compounds built by joining smaller ones together. Smaller units (subunits) are called monomers. 4 major molecules important to life. Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.

CARBOHYDRATES 1:2:1 RATIO Monomer (1 sugar) – Monosaccharide 1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen Example: the sugar glucose - C6H12O6 Monomer (1 sugar) – Monosaccharide Polymer (2+) - Polysaccharide 2 sugars - disaccharide Main source of energy for living things Also has structural purpose for living things. Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose Animal cells store excess sugars as glycogen

Carbohydrate Polymer Monomer (subunit)

LIPIDS Made of Carbon and Hydrogen NOT soluble in water (hydrophobic) doesn’t mix with water Used to store energy, and as chemical messengers (hormones, steroids), and structure of cells Three Types of Lipids Steroids – ex: hormones, cholesterol Part of the cell membrane (phospholipids). Fats: made up of fatty acids Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No double bonds Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double bonds between Carbons.

Lipid Cell walls

NUCLEIC ACIDS Composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon and Phosphorus. Subunits (monomers) are called nucleotides. Store and transmit hereditary information. Ex. DNA , RNA

Nucleotide – Nucleic Acid Polymer Monomer

PROTEINS Composed of Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. Polymers are known as Polypeptides. Monomers are called amino acids Control rate of reactions Function in transport and formation of bone and muscle cells. Ex: Hemoglobin, Insulin, Enzymes Folded shape is important in enzyme recognition process.

Proteins Monomers Polymers