Midterm Review

Prokaryotic Cells contain: (Answer all that apply) 1. DNA 2. Chloroplasts 3. Nucleus 4. Cell Membrane 5. Cytoplasm

Prokaryotic cells are… 1. Unicellular 2. Multicellular

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. 1. True 2. False

Which answers make up the cell theory? 1. All living things breathe 2. All living things are composed of 1 or more cells 3. Cells appear out of nowhere 4. More than 1 cell is required for life 5. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function 6. Cells come from pre-existing cells 7. All cells contain a nucleus 8. Cells contain DNA

Plant cells contain a nucleus. 1. True 2. False

Which of these best distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell: 1. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, but eukaryotic cells never do 2. Prokaryotic cells are typically much larger than eukaryotic cells 3. Prokaryotic cells have flagella but eukaryotic cells do not 4. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus but eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

E. coli and Salmonella bacteria are examples of Eukaryotic cells. 1. True 2. False

Viruses… 1. Have the ability to reproduce on their own 2. Have DNA 3. Maintain homeostasis 4. Are alive

Which organelle digests old organelles, food and viruses? 1. Golgi Body 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Ribosomes 4. Lysosomes 5. Vacuole 6. Mitochondria

Which organelle is located near the nucleus and has ribosomes attached? 1. Golgi Body 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Ribosomes 4. Lysosomes 5. Vacuole 6. Mitochondria

Which organelle modifies and packages molecules like proteins to be shipped around the cell? 1. Golgi Body 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Ribosomes 4. Lysosomes 5. Vacuole 6. Mitochondria

Which organelle makes energy for the cell by breaking down glucose (sugar)? 1. Golgi Body 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Ribosomes 4. Lysosomes 5. Vacuole 6. Mitochondria

What organelle is the red arrow pointing to? 1. Endoplasmic Reticulum 2. Golgi Body 3. Mitochondria 4. Chloroplast 5. Ribosome 6. Lysosome 7. Cytoplasm

Which kinds of cells can have a cell wall? 1. Plant 2. Animal 3. Bacteria 4. Prokaryotes

Which kinds of cells can have a Cilia and Flagella? 1. Plant 2. Animal 3. Bacteria 4. Prokaryotes

A structure found in Cell 2 that is not found in Cell 1 is… Nucleus 2. Mitochondria 3. Vacuole 4. Chloroplast

Which of the following depicts flagella? 1. 2.

Which of the following organelles provides energy for the cell? 1. Nucleus 2. Lysosome 3. Mitochondria 4. Golgi Body

Based on this diagram of a cell membrane, where is the nonpolar region located? A B C 1. A 2. B 3. C B C

Midterm Review part 2

The molecules marked “W” are best described as: 1. Monomers 2. Polymers 3. Isomers 4. isotopes

Molecule(s) “X” are most likely: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Monomers 3. Polymers 4. Water 5. Starch

Reactions A and B are respectively known as: A B 1. Dehydration, hydrolysis 2. Condensation, hydrolysis 3. Polymerization, decomposition 4. Hydrolysis, dehydration

Which molecules below are considered organic: NaCl A B C D E 1. A and B 2. A, B, C 3. A, B, C, D, 4. A, B, C, D, E

Disaccharides are 2 _________ bonded together through ________________ 1. Polysaccharides ; dehydration synthesis 2. Monosaccharides ; dehydration synthesis 3. Polysaccharides ; hydrolysis 4. Monosaccharides ; hydrolysis 5. Trisaccharides ; dehydration synthesis

Monosaccharides provide this: 1. Quick energy 2. Long lasting energy 3. No energy

This is an example of a _______ 1. Monosaccharide 2. Disaccharide 3. Polysaccharide

Which of the following are structural polysaccharides used by plants? 1. Glycogen 2. Cellulose 3. Starch 4. Chitin

Which of the following are structural polysaccharides used by animals? 1. Glycogen 2. Cellulose 3. Starch 4. Chitin

Building monomers into polymers occurs through _____ by removing _____ 1. Hydrolysis; oil 2. Dehydration synthesis; oil 3. Hydrolysis; water 4. Dehydration synthesis; water

Breaking up polymers into individual monomers is called _______ & ______ is added 1. Hydrolysis; water 2. Dehydration synthesis; water 3. Hydrolysis; oil 4. Dehydration synthesis; oil

Which functional group is the following molecule? 1. Aldehyde 2. Ketone 3. Amino 4. hydroxyl

The purpose(s) of polysaccharides is/are 1. Make water 2. Store water 3. Provide energy 4. Provide structure

The molecule at the location identified by the arrow: 1. Adenine 2. Guanine 3. Sugar 4. Phosphate 5. thymine

The molecule at the location identified by the arrow: 1. Adenine 2. Guanine 3. Sugar 4. Phosphate 5. thymine

Because the sides of the DNA ladder run in opposite directions, DNA is said to be… 1. Parallel 2. Nonparallel 3. Antiparallel 4. proparallel

1.) The following sample shows a positive test for ___________? 1. Protein 2. Sugar 3. Starch 4. Fat

2.) The following sample shows a positive test for ___________? 1. Protein 2. Sugar 3. Starch 4. Fat

3.) The following sample shows a positive test for ___________? 1. Protein 2. Sugar 3. Starch 4. Fat

3. Which is “bigger”? 1. Purine 2. Pyrimidine

5. Which of these is the monomer of a nucleic acid? 1. Figure A 2. Amino acid 3. Nucleotide 4. DNA A … ….

Based on the diagram of photosynthesis, these represent glucose and carbon dioxide respectively: ReactantsProducts A B 1. A and B 2. C and D 3. D and A 4. A and D Chloroplast C D

Based on the diagram of cellular respiration, these represent oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively: Based on the diagram of cellular respiration, these represent oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively: Reactants Products F A E D C B 1. A and C 2. C and A 3. A and B 4. E and F Mitochondria

Which of the following represents solar energy? A D B C 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

Which of the following represents chemical energy? A D B C 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

In the absence of oxygen what alternative process does your body utilize to convert chemical energy to mechanical energy/ATP? 1. Photosynthesis 2. Cellular respiration 3. Osmosis 4. Fermentation

If molecule “Y” is a protein, molecule marked “W” is most likely: 1. Sugars 2. Nucleotides 3. Carboxyl Group 4. Amino acids 5. Fatty Acids

When a dehydration reaction takes place between the molecules below, a ___________ bond is formed: 1. Polar 2. Peptide 3. Ionic 4. Hydrogen 5. Amino ………………………………… ………………………………… ….

a b c Which bond type is called a hydrogen bond? d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

a b c Where would an ionic bond form? d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

a b c Which area(s) of this molecule would be repulsed by water? d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

a b c Which level of protein structure is shown here? d 1. primary 2. secondary 3. tertiary 4. quaternary

What level of protein structure is shown below? 1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Quaternary

The process taking place in location “6”can best be described as: Transcription 2. Translation 3. Hydrolysis 4. Fermentation

What is molecule number 1? Ribosome 2. Protein 3. DNA 4. Mitochondria 5. RNA

The process taking place in location “9”can best be described as: Transcription 2. Translation 3. Hydrolysis 4. Fermentation

The 3 nitrogen bases on the molecules marked number 8 are called what? DNA 2. Anticodon 3. Proteins 4. Codon 5. Amino Acids

The molecule marked number 7 is what? Nucleus 2. DNA 3. Ribosome 4. Mitochondria

A particular strand of DNA has the following sequence of nitrogen bases… T C A G A G C C A What is the corresponding strand of mRNA 1. A G T C T C G G T 2. C C C C C C C C C 3. A G U C U C G G U 4. U G G C U C U G A

A particular strand of mRNA has the following sequence of nitrogen bases… U C A G A G C C A What is the amino acid sequence produced by this strand 1. Phenylalanine – Leucine – Isoleucine 2. Serine – Glutamate – Threonine 3. Valine – Alanine – Glycine 4. Serine – Glutamate – Proline

The letters B and E represent which molecules respectively (in that order) A B E D C 1. Deoxyribose sugar : Nitrogen Base 2. Phosphate : Nitrogen Base 3. Ribose sugar : Phosphate 4. Glucose : Thymine

Predict the water movement Cell= 10% salt Solution=20% salt 1. Into Cell 2. Out of cell

What will happen to the cell? Cell= 10% salt Solution=20% salt 1. Swell 2. Shrink

Which of the following pictures shows the proper orientation of phospholipids in a cell membrane?

Which beaker demonstrates what would happen to a cell if placed in an isotonic solution?

Based on the picture to the right, which of the following shows how the water will move?

= Solute = Water What process is best illustrated below? 1. Diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Hydrolysis 4. Active Transport

Which of the following is true? A B C 1. C illustrates a cell in a hypotonic solution 2. B illustrates a cell in a hypertonic solution 3. Both 1 and 2 are true 4. Both 1 and 2 are false

Cell A has 4 chromosomes and Cell D has 2 chromosomes. What process created Cell D? 1. Mitosis 2. Independent assortment 3. Hydrolysis 4. Meiosis Cell A Cell B Cell C Cell D

Cell A is considered _______ while Cell D is considered ________. Cell A Cell B Cell C Cell D 1. Haploid; Diploid 2. Tetrad; Diploid 3. Diploid; Haploid 4. Homologous; Haploid

Anaphase I looks like ___. ABCD 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

Which of the numbers below best represents a chromatid? Cell A Cell B

Which of the numbers below best represents homologous chromosomes? Cell A Cell B

How can we best describe the diagram below? 1. Two sister chromatids 2. Homologous chromosomes 3. One replicated chromosome 4. Haploid chromsomes

What process is best demonstrated by the diagram below? 1. Anaphase I 2. Segregation of alleles 3. Crossing over 4. Independent assortment

When does the process of crossing over occur during meiosis? 1. Prophase I 2. Metaphase I 3. Anaphase I 4. Prophase II 5. Metaphase II 6. Anaphase II 7. Interphase

What is best illustrated by the two diagrams below? 1. DNA replication 2. Mitosis 3. Crossing over 4. Independent assortment

Which of the following leads to genetic variation during meiosis? A.Crossing Over B.DNA replication C.Independent assortment D.Tetrad formation 1. All of the above (A, B, C, D) 2. A & B 3. A & D 4. A, B, & D 5. A & C

Which of the chromosomes below are homologous to chromosome ONE Unibrow2 eye brows Blue Eyes ACDB ONE 1. A 2. A and B 3. B and C 4. B 5. C 6. B and D