PSYCHOLOGY OF MOTIVATION Myers Ch. 7A Daniel Pink, "Drive"

WHAT MOTIVATES YOU? INTRINSIC VS. EXTRINSIC

FIVE THEORIES  1) Hedonic principle: experience pleasure/avoid pain  Very Freudian/psychoanal ytic  Thanatos/Eros

FIVE THEORIES  2) Instinct Theory— evolutionary/innate behavior  Rooting instinct

FIVE THEORIES  3) Drive Theory –we are motivated to reduce a drive to return to homeostasis...i.e., food, sex, temperature  Hull’s drive reduction theory  What is NOT explained by this theory?

 Watching sad movies  Climbing mountains  Attending college  Read books  Etc...

FIVE THEORIES  4) Arousal Theory—we are driven to experience stimulation—even if we are not hungry, have no desire to mate, and are perfectly physiologically content....we still do stuff.  8A-2 and 8A-3

FIVE THEORIES  5) Humanistic Theory: humans strive to obtain self- actualization  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs  8A-4 and 8A-5

THE DRIVE FOR HUNGER  “Alive Clip” “Alive Clip”

THE DRIVE FOR HUNGER  The hypothalamus  Lateral hypothalamus— on switch—ghrelin  Ventromedial hypothalamus—off switch—leptin

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE DESTROY THE LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE DESTROY THE VENTROMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMUS?

EATING DISORDERS  Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa--  Multiple causal factors

CAUSES/PERSPECTIVES 1) Cognitive  distorted body image  feelings of control 2) Biological—primarily females—dopamine  SciAmMind “Wired to Starve”—predisposition“Wired to Starve”  Very high levels of ghrelin 3) Social—primarily females  Average woman=5’4” and 140 lbs  Average model =5’11” and 117 lbs.

EATING DISORDERS  Obesity—the average American is 18 pounds heavier than they were in the 1970s.  40% of American women are too heavy to enlist in the military  In 1991 no state had an obesity rate of higher than 20%. Now CO is the only state below.

 Causes?  Biological—leptin resistant  Social  Evolutionary—  attraction to foods that are high in energy  Developed ability to store excess food energy in the form of fat—worked well in the savannah but now we live in the equivalent of candyland

SOLUTIONS?  Our body is designed to resist weight loss  1) gaining weight is an increase in both the size and number of fat cells…losing weight is just a decrease in size but the number of fat cells stays the same.  2) lose weight by decreasing metabolism (rate of energy used)—when you diet your body goes into famine mode which then finds more efficient ways to convert food to fat.

TED: DIETING TALK  Diet Assessments 8A-7, 8A-9

SEXUAL MOTIVATION  Johnson and Masters: Forty Studies  Sexual Attraction Sexual Attraction  Sexual Orientation  DSM diagnosis DSM diagnosis  Nature/nurture debate Nature/nurture debate  TED “50 Shades of Gay” (18min) TED “50 Shades of Gay”  TED: Cultural Factors (18 min) TED: Cultural Factors (18 min)  TED: “Love—you’re doing it wrong” TED: “Love—you’re doing it wrong”

THE NEED TO BELONG ARON RALSTON--127 HOURS ARON RALSTON--127 HOURS