MALNUTRITION

Nutritional Status condition of health of the individual as influenced by utilization of nutrients. determined → medical, dietary history, physical examination laboratory tests. Malnutrition pathological state.. Relative or absolute deficiency or x’s of one or more essential nutrients – 4 forms 1.Under nutrition 2. Over nutrition 3. Imbalance 4. Specific deficiency

HEALTH OR DISEASE DIET NUTRITION ENVIRONMETAL Food Patterns - Family - Area - Culture INTERNAL EXTERNAL Genetic Biological set points Individual differences Age Gender Body size Activit y Behavior Body frame Fetal development Organ system Sleep Life events Organ function Technological Ecological Psychological Economical

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

Who are likely to have nutrition problems

Dietary guidelines Nutritionally adequate diet – variety Nutritionally adequate diet – variety Add food – pregnancy & lactation Add food – pregnancy & lactation Breast feeding – must months Breast feeding – must months Supplements – infants by 4-6 months Supplements – infants by 4-6 months Veg, fruits – eat in plenty Veg, fruits – eat in plenty Cooking oils – moderation Cooking oils – moderation Avoid over-eating Avoid over-eating Limit use of Salt & Sugar Limit use of Salt & Sugar CHO CH O (55- 60% ) FAT FAT (30% ) PRO 666PRO ( %)

BREAKFAST Should be main meal of the day Should be main meal of the day Up to 1/3 of RDA may be supplied Up to 1/3 of RDA may be supplied Should be eaten in mid-morning rather than later Should be eaten in mid-morning rather than later Should be eaten within 45 min. of waking Should be eaten within 45 min. of waking Thyroid activity is maximum and insulin activity is low – better energy utilization of food, hence Thyroid activity is maximum and insulin activity is low – better energy utilization of food, hence People trying to lose weight should not skip breakfast People trying to lose weight should not skip breakfast

BREAKFAST Should contain: Should contain: Carbohydrates – minimum of 50g Carbohydrates – minimum of 50g Stimulate/initiate insulin action Stimulate/initiate insulin action Neurotransmitters – serotonin & catecholamine Neurotransmitters – serotonin & catecholamine Protein – 12-15g Protein – 12-15g Sustains insulin action Sustains insulin action Promotes positive mood Promotes positive mood

General Dietary Recommendations Consume high-carbohydrate & fiber low to normal fat and moderately high protein diet. Consume high-carbohydrate & fiber low to normal fat and moderately high protein diet. Regular meal timings with breakfast eaten within 45 min. of waking. Regular meal timings with breakfast eaten within 45 min. of waking. Inclusion of pulses, especially in the breakfast. Inclusion of pulses, especially in the breakfast. Consumption of a mixed cereal diet with green leafy vegetables at least 3-4 times a week.. Consumption of a mixed cereal diet with green leafy vegetables at least 3-4 times a week..

Consumption of fruits should be along with meals if diabetic. Consumption of fruits should be along with meals if diabetic. If overweight/obese, exercise along with dieting to reduce body weight. If overweight/obese, exercise along with dieting to reduce body weight. Even if one has normal body weight, exercise to maintain weight Even if one has normal body weight, exercise to maintain weight

Assignment Soha Hesham Badr assignment topic in ZINC DEFFICIENCY

Recommended text book Manual dietetic book