Colonial Regions Environment, Culture, and Government.

But first,…the Glorious Revolution  Even today England has elected representatives (the Parliament) and a monarchy: ( y/Overview.aspxhttp:// y/Overview.aspx  While today’s monarchy has little governing power, the transfer of control to the Parliament was only finally assured in the Glorious Revolution of  While trying to seize more power form the elected government and tighten control over the colonies, King James II was ousted off the throne and replaced with his daughter by the Parliament.  This power of democracy over monarchs will inspire the colonies.

The Three Regions  New England  Middle Colonies  Southern Colonies

3 Types of Colonial Governments  Charter Colonies – established by groups of settlers who had been given a charter, or grant of rights and privileges. These colonies elected their own governors and representatives.  Proprietary Colonies– rules by individuals or groups to whom Britain had granted land. Power shared between proprietor and colonists.  Royal Colonies – Britain directly rules these colonies. Governors were appointed by Parliament and did what Great Britain demanded.  Only white men who owned property had the right to vote

New England Environment  Small Farms on Outskirts of Towns  Very Short Growing Season  Rocky Soil – Long Cold Winters  Well-organized Towns  Town’s center was a piece of land called ‘the green’

P RODUCTS  Subsistence Farming producing just enough to meet the need of a family  Timber and Ship Building Supplies (Rope, Masts, Tar)  Dried Fish  Rum and other Manufactured Trade Goods P EOPLE  Puritans Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican or English Church from within.  Pilgrims separatist who broke away from the Anglican Church and who believed in working hard and following strict rules.  Merchants, Manufacturers, and Lawyers. New England Culture

 Charters – Governor could not veto acts of legislature  Royal Charter – ruled directly by England  The Mayflower Compact  The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut New England Government Massachusetts Royal Charter New Hampshire Royal Charter Connecticut Charter Rhode Island Charter

Middle Colonies Environment  Large Farms and Cities.  Medium growing season and cold winters.  Many lakes and rivers for transportation.

PRODUCTS  Called the Bread Basket of the Colonies.  Farmed Wheat, Oat, Barley and Rye.  Mining.  Small-scale manufacturing (iron works). PEOPLE  People from: England, the Netherlands, France, Germany and Sweden (diversity).  Puritans, Quakers, Anglicans, Catholics, and Jews. Middle Colonies Culture

 Proprietary – rule by proprietors  Religious Freedom and Tolerance  Freedom of the Press  Strong Courts Middle Colonies Government New York Royal Charter Pennsylvania Proprietary New Jersey Royal Charter Delaware Proprietary

ENVIRONMENT  Plantations.  Long growing season and fertile land.  Warm for most of the year. PRODUCTS  Farmed Tobacco, Rice, Indigo, and Cotton.  Trade “cash crops” farmed on Plantations.  Purchased almost all their manufactured goods. Southern Colonies Environment & Culture

Southern Colonies Culture  Anglicans  English Plantation Owners, Indentured Servants, Transported Criminals, and Slaves.

 Royal and Proprietary Charters.  The House of Burgesses  Colonies run for the profit of the Joint-Stock Company or Proprietors. Southern Colonies Government Maryland Proprietary Virginia Royal Charter North Carolina Royal Charter South Carolina ? Georgia Royal Charter

Triangular Trade  A Triangular Shape Trade Route Between the Colonies, West Indies, and West Africa.  From the West Indies, Colonists Traded for Sugar, Molasses, and Fruit (used to make rum).  Form West Africa, Colonists Would Trade Rum for African Slaves.

 Merchant: A person who produces or trades goods (link: New England region).  Subsistence Farming: When a family grows only enough food to survive (link: New England region).  Diversity: Variety ( link: cultural diversity represented in the Middle Colonies).  Cash Crops: Crops that are grown in large amounts and sold for a profit (link: Middle and Southern regions).  Patroons: wealthy Dutch landowners in the colony of New Amsterdam now part of New York. Colonial Regions Vocabulary

 Indentured Servants: People who are brought to the colonies and must work to pay off the trip (link: colonial growth).  Overseers: Bosses hired to keep the slaves working hard (link: slavery).  Slaves: People captured in Africa and sold to plantation owners. The plantation owner saw them as property (link: southern economy). Colonial Regions Vocabulary

England Starts to Tighten Control Over the Colonies  In the 16 th & 17 th centuries, European countries followed an economic theory called mercantilism – a view that a nation’s power depended on expanding its trade and increasing its gold supply.  To make certain only England benefited from trade with the colonies, in the 1650s Britain's Parliament passed a series of laws called the Navigation Acts that restricted the flow of goods in and out of the Colonies in favor of England.

The Navigation Acts  To ensure that only England would enjoy the wealth that could be squeezed from the Colonies, all trade was restricted in a series of laws called the Navigation Acts.  These laws required colonists to use only the more expensive English ships to send goods to England. In addition, colonists were ordered not to ship certain products to any other country except England. (colonists angry  )  Many colonists responded to these laws by smuggling – sneaking goods in and out the country.

Family Roles MENWOMEN Cooked Made butter Preserved food Spun yarn Sometimes held jobs (teachers, nurses, or maids) Single and widowed women could own property Built barns, houses, and fences Head of household Managed farm Involved in community affairs Both Worked in fields / Cared for children / Taught children farming task / Involved in decision-making in church

Ben Franklin  Member of the PA assembly.  Published Poor Richard’s Almanac.  Owned a newspaper  Was a printer  Founded University of Pennsylvania  Statesman-patriot  Inventing the lighting rod, bifocal lenses, a stove for heating  Founded hospital, fire department, and the first lending library

Growth of Faith vs. Science Great AwakeningEnlightenment Religious movement in the 1730’s & 1740s. Encouraged a return to the strong faith of earlier days Led to the formation of many new churches Preachers Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield A social movement Knowledge, reason, and science could improve society John Locke

Colonial Regions The End