Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Information Architecture in E- Government John Akeroyd Information Management Consultant & Research Fellow, UCL, London

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd E government drivers improving internal costs and management efficiencies, encouraging citizen participation improved service to citizens –predominantly using the web promoting economic development improving overall governance. service integration or ‘joined up’ government

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd E-government is global Essentially the same but Some differences – –Different priorities; –Differing legal context; –Different political context

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Some see it as just efficiency… increased business efficiency between government agencies and government agencies, within agencies and between agencies and business

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd “In essence e- government is about the transformation of internal and external processes” Weerakkody, V (2009) in Handbook of Research on Strategies for Local E-Government Adoption and Implementation. Reddick,C

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd “transformational governance” “The transformation stage is about changing fundamentally the way government does what it does” Murphy (2005) Leveraging the benefits from technological investment through business process reengineering

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Challenges to e-government Information sharing; People issues Power structures; Legal Context –Personal data - confidentiality and protection

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Information Supports e-government E-Government

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Layne and Lee model

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Weerakkody, V (2009) in Handbook of Research on Strategies for Local E-Government Adoption and Implementation. Reddick,C

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Alternative models No integration; One to one messages; Warehouse Broker system; Advanced broker Janssen and Veenstra (2005)

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Integration Levels Level 1 Functional Integration Whereby a secondary application is accessed and used through a primary application to the extent that the secondary application is transparent to the user; Level 2 Data Integration Where data from one system is used to populate another either in near or real time usually using standard protocols /programmes such as BizTalk Level 3 Linked integration Where a secondary application or dataset can be accessed/triggered via a primary application but which essentially appears as is to the user. Links might be hyperlinks or file paths Level 4 Data exchange Where data is moved from one application to another as the result of an operator initiated action. Data is usually structured as XML or CSV or XLS.

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Problems with integration In large organisations there are likely to be many application systems with high overhead on maintenance and complexity Data will probably be held many times in many places leading to confusion as data accuracy, currency and what to believe; There will be increasing complexity in understanding how data moves across and around the organisation;

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Options for integration SOAP/Web Services Single Repository or Data Warehouse Information Flow Model

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Information Types By format Structured i.e. data – names, addresses, ID, numbers Semi structured – forms, case files, Unstructured – documents, s, memo By function People Property Transactions

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Organisations People Property & Place Transactions

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Metadata Types in Government Property –UPRN available in all property records; –GIS coordinates –Fileplans standardised around street name number People –Citizens; –Tax payers; –Students; –Government workers; –Visitors Organisations –Businesses –Schools; –Community Centres –Churches –Support agencies; –Public agencies Transactions –Case file Numbers –Invoice reference –Purchase orders –Transaction reference

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd The IPSV Integrated Public Sector Vocabulary

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Data Semi – structured Unstructured Information Management Volume

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Line of Business Systems Semi structured information e.g. case files Unstructured Information

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Data Type Structured Semi Structured Unstructured Content/Information ApplicationsMetadata Access Adult Data Children’s Data Property Files Residents Financial Records Transactions Social Care Record Planning Applications Legal Case files s Meeting Minutes Plans Policies Stuff Carefirst M3 Cedar CRM Sidem etc Comino CDM Iken Livelink ESA CDM Web Portal Intranet Clients Explorer Browsers Proprietary Search Data Dictionary UPRN Citizen index ID CRM transaction ref Fileplans Case file numbers Transaction Numbers Taxonomy/IPSV Descriptors Keywords

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Architectural Problems Many application systems with high overhead on maintenance and complexity Data held many times in many places Data flows not clear Multiple stores;

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Repository Rationalisation ? Benefits Reduced Support Costs; Reduced Training Costs; Corporate ‘view’ of information; Single Structure promotes Information Sharing; Easy to archive and control But Does one size fit all? Integration with Line of Business Systems can be lost or poor; Loss of functionality; Different information, needs different management; Security needs are different;

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Possible futures Enterprise Search Gives Council wide view (or even Hackney wide view) Simple to use and quick implementation Benefits for customer service Benefits for FoI Overcomes poor historic indexing Single corporate record but multiple stores Files migrate to corporate record store as life time diminishes Easier to control/manage Long term preservation easier to manage and implement;

Zagreb Nov Information Reports Ltd Records Repository Line Of Business Applications Repositories Enterprise Search Engine Repositories

Conceptual Information Model Records Management Policy Enterprise data warehouse data model Content Management System Knowledge management system Information Access Layer Information Specialist Layer Applications Layer Data Warehouse Corporate Performance Management Portal / Client UI Enterprise data model Geographical Information Systems Business Information Stewards Standards Layer Web Content Authors Archivists Information Scribes Electronics Records & Document Management System Information Taxonomy Processing Guidelines Metadata Repository Enterprise Search Engine Application data models LOB systems Corporate Systems Data Modellers Information Taxonomists Information Architect Naming Standards Data retention policy Management Information Systems File System Structure Content Lifecycle Design A Conceptual Model Structured Data Documents, Records & Content At the centre of the diagram is a ‘Conceptual Information Model’. The Conceptual Information Model is primarily a Business Model. It is a method for defining and clarifying the concepts that are used to conduct the business of the organisation, establishing a common frame of reference or “a standard business language”. The Information Specialist are those individuals within the organisation that play a role in the design of, or management of information The standards (and policy) form the basis of the organisations understanding and use of information (and management of the information assets). The application layer describes the physical storage of information. Enterprise Data Modelling & Data Management John Anderson