Created Alien and Sedition Acts Was a Federalist 2 nd President of the United States Election of Adams v Jefferson Deadlock election for Republicans- went to House for a vote to break tie Jefferson won – 12 th Amendment created

“Foreign” means that it involves other nations or governments. A “policy” is a plan or course of action that a government intends to follow (one example – a policy of isolationism) Thus, “foreign policy” is a plan or course of action that a government follows when dealing with other parts of the world. IsolationismInvolvement

Proposed Neutrality (would do nothing to help France or Britain during their war times) This became knows as Isolationism!! (avoiding alliances with other countries)

Dilemma #1: The Jay Treaty: Chief Justice John Jay went to Britain to negotiate Brits to leave Ohio Valley France felt betrayed- started attacking American merchant ships The XYZ Affair- When French secret agents met US reps and demanded money or else no peace talks

Adams sent peace mission to France Napoleon had taken over France- was eager to make peace with US and Brits- already ended the seizure of merchant ships! More importantly, NB ended the 1778 alliance with the US (France did not have to pay for seized ships, in return) Made Adams unpopular- lost to Jefferson in election of 1800

Impressment: When Brits kidnapped American sailors to serve in British navy. Piracy: Barbary States of North Africa = piracy for American ships GW and Adams paid tribute to State rulers in exchange for safety of American ships, almost 2 million dollars by the time Jefferson became Pres.

The ruler of Tripoli demanded more- even declared war against the US TJ hated war but hated paying tribute just as much.

Sent small fleet of war ships to Med. to protect US ships. One got captured, crew held for ransom. TJ begged Brit and France to stop plundering. When diplomacy failed- tried an embargo!

Embargo- a complete halt in trade with other nations. (not smart) Embargo Act of no foreign ships could enter US ports and no US ships could leave. TJ hoped this would hurt UK and France so they would stop Backfired! Sailors lost their jobs, ships rotted in port, etc. It was repealed in UK /France kept attacking

James Madison took a new approach; offered UK and France a deal… If you stop, the US will stop trading with their enemy Napoleon agreed! (but secretly still ordered the attacks) Madison cut off trade with Brits Brits didn’t stop…

Maybe Madison should go to war with Britain… Not popular with New Englanders and Federalists Did not want a blockade (closing off an area to keep people/supplies in or out) South was in favor of war

War of 1812! Madison chose to abandon isolationism Congress declared war on Britain Wanted to acquire Canadian lands Britain proved tough! Held off Canadian takeover, and attacked DC…

Then they attacked Baltimore harbor A lawyer named Francis Scott Key watched the bombing of Ft. McHenry- He captured his feelings in a poem which later became…. THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER!!!

The olive branch symbolizes peace. E Pluribus Unum is Latin for “Out of many, One”. It is the national motto. The arrows symbolize war. How many stars are there? How many stripes are there? The 13 Stars and Stripes represent the original 13 states. The bald eagle represents freedom and power.

One of the greatest American victories during the war was the Battle of New Orleans. General Andrew Jackson’s men killed or wounded about 2,000 British soldiers, while only about 20 American soldiers were killed or wounded. The victory made Jackson a war hero, which would later aid him when he ran for the presidency.

Although both sides claimed victory, neither Britain nor the U.S. really won the War of The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war, settled none of the issues that had led to the fighting. Instead, the problems of impressment and ship seizures faded away as peace settled over Europe.

One by one, Latin American nations would rise up against Spain and gain their independence.

1811- Paraguay Argentina Chile Colombia Mexico Venezuela Ecuador United Provinces of Central America Peru Bolivia Uruguay

What should President Monroe do to support the new Latin American nations?

President Monroe issues what becomes known as the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine was a warning for European nations to keep their hands off America. It carried with it the hidden message that the U.S. was no longer a weak collection of states, but a strong and confident nation that should be respected by the world.

Washington Adams Jefferson Madison Monroe