Answer these two questions: 1. Why would Washington warn against political parties and entangling alliances? Think about the possible dangers of each. 2. If you were back in the 1790s, which party would you be for; the Federalists or the Republicans? Why? Think about which philosophies you agree with.

John Adams (Federalist) vs Thomas Jefferson (Democratic- Republican)

Federalist From Massachusetts Lawyer—Harvard Vice President under Washington President

French angry over Jay’s Treaty French continued to seize ships Sent 3 delegates over to Paris to negotiate Delegates were to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand  Instead met with three low level officials (XYZ) XYZ tried to force American officials to pay $250,000 American’s outraged with French US began to build a navy  seize French ships

Anti-French sentiment continues  Americans think French agents are everywhere. This leads to the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts

Alien Acts Raised Residence requirement to become a citizen from 5 years to 14 years President could deport or jail any alien considered undesirable Government could jail and fine anyone who expresses “false, scandalous, and malicious statements against the government.” Sedition Acts

Write down on your index card: Do you think the Alien and Sedition Acts were constitutional? Why or why not? Think about what they prohibit What amendment or right does this possibly break?

Jefferson and Madison strongly disagreed with the Alien and Sedition Acts Passed resolutions that were approved in KY and VA Stated that the Acts should be nullified VA and KY stated that they had the right to declare null and void federal laws that broke the Constitution

Thomas Jefferson- Democratic- Republican Supported by poor farmers Favored Popular Democracy & States’ Rights John Adams-Federalist Supported by wealthy Supported strong Fed Gov’t

From Virginia  Monticello Anti-Federalist Main Author of the Declaration of Independence Vice President under Adams Third President of the United States

Adams passes the Judiciary Act of 1801: increases Supreme Court Judges to 16 Adams fills these positions the night before he leaves office  “midnight judges” Marbury was one Jefferson states that since the papers had not been delivered the appointments were invalid

Marbury sued Sec of State Madison for not following the Judiciary Act Chief Justice Marshall declares the Judiciary Act is Unconstitutional Establishes the Power of Judicial Review

The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional Constitutional: are those laws consistent with what it says in the Constitution Establishment of Judicial Review expands the Supreme Court’s power and the federal government’s power

Election of 1800  Thomas Jefferson- Democratic- Republican  Supported by poor farmers  Favored Popular Democracy & States’ Rights  John Adams- Federalist  Supported by wealthy  Supported strong Fed Gov’t

Thomas Jefferson  From Virginia  Monticello  Anti-Federalist  Main Author of the Declaration of Independence  Vice President under Adams  Third President of the United States

Marbury vs Madison  Adams passes the Judiciary Act of 1801: increases Supreme Court Judges to 16  Adams fills these positions the night before he leaves office  “midnight judges”  Marbury was one  Jefferson states that since the papers had not been delivered the appointments were invalid

Marbury vs. Madison  Marbury sued Sec of State Madison for not following the Judiciary Act  Chief Justice Marshall declares the Judiciary Act is Unconstitutional  Establishes the Power of Judicial Review

Judicial Review  The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional  Constitutional: are those laws consistent with what it says in the Constitution  Establishment of Judicial Review expands the Supreme Court’s power and the federal government’s power

Marshall Court  McCulloch vs Maryland  Issue: Do states have the right to tax a federal agency?  Decision:  No, states cannot tax a federal agency  Rule Bank of US constitutional  Strengthens federal power

Marshall Court  Gibbons vs Ogden  Issue: Whether the New York law that prohibited vessels (ships) licensed by the US from navigating the waters of New York was unconstitutional and therefore void.  Decision:  Only Congress has the power to regulate interstate trade

Louisiana Purchase

 Bought in 1803 from France  Doubles the land in the US  Expands presidential power

Lewis and Clark  Sent to explore the new territory  Take down information and data on land, plants and animals

Embargo of 1807  Britain is blockading France by sea to hurt trade  seize 1,000 American Ships  Impress American Sailors (kidnap and force American sailors to fight in British Navy)  Jefferson declares an embargo  ban on exporting goods to other countries  Goal: to hurt Britain and other European powers economically  Result: Hurts Americans more  Embargo lifted in 1809