Chapter 7 Notes Week of December 2, 2013

D.A.S.H. DATE: December 2, 2013 AGENDA: 1) Take or finish Chapter 6. 2) Start work on Chapter 7. 3) Time permitting, we will start on notes for Chapter 7 Lesson 1. STATE OBJECTIVE: Content Standard 2: The student will analyze the expanding role of the United States in international affairs as America was transformed into a world power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, 1890 to HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK: Finish test and turn in Chapter 6. Or start working on Chapter 7.

Bell ringer 9 1. What is imperialism? 2. What is militarism? 3. What is nationalism? 4. What started World War 1? 5. What was the U.S. view of the war at the beginning?

Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Notes By 1871, the German Empire was one of the most powerful nations in the world. A series of treaties and negotiations provided the German Empire even more territory to control. France lost territory to the German Empire and they became enemies. By the end of the 1870’s the Triple Alliance had been formed—German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Italy were members. The design of the alliance was to protect each other. Russia got worried about the new alliance and joined France in an alliance in 1894.This was known as the Franco- Russian Alliance.

Lesson 1 Notes Continued The “entangling system of alliances” led to militarism—the strong buildup of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations. Germany’s militarism led Great Britain to become involved in the alliance system. It wanted to prevent one nation from controlling all of Europe. By the late 1800’s, the German Empire was Europe’s strongest nation. In 1898 Germany began building a large modern navy. Great Britain and Germany were engaged in an arms race. Great Britain entered into an entente (friendly understanding, not a formal agreement) with France and Russia. The three countries were then known as the Triple Entente.

Lesson 1 Notes Continued Nationalism is a feeling of intense pride in one’s homeland. Your country or region is number 1 and all others don’t count! Nationalists believe in self-determination—the idea that those who share a national identity should have their own country and government. Nationalism led to a crisis in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Imperialism was how European powers built empires. The Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire had ruled the Balkans. The spread of nationalism into the region led to many groups to ask for their independence. The Serbs, Bosnians, Croats, and Slovenes wanted their own country and the Serbs were the first to form their own nation—Serbia.

Lesson 1 Notes Continued Russia supported the Serbs but Austria-Hungary worked to limit Serbia’s growth. Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia outraging the Serbs. In June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro- Hungarian throne, visited the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. He and his wife were killed by a Bosnian revolutionary. Serbian officials knew about the assassination and hoped it would bring war with the Austro-Hungarian Empire. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Russia mobilized its army and Germany declared war on France and Russia. World War 1 had begun—at this point its called the Great War.

Lesson 1 Notes continued Belgium declared itself neutral and Germany invaded its borders anyway. So Great Britain declared war on Germany. The Triple Entente became known as the Allies and included Italy along with Great Britain, France and Russia. What was left of the Triple Alliance— Germany and Austria-Hungary—joined the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria to become the Central Powers. The fighting along the Russian-German border known as the Western Front was a bloody stalemate (no winners or losers).

Lesson 1 Notes Continued When the war began, President Wilson declared the U.S. neutral. Despite the official stand many Americans did chose sides—many favoring the Allies and the Irish Americans with the German Americans siding with the Central Powers. British officials began using propaganda—information designed to influence opinion—to win American support. To achieve this, the British cut the transatlantic cable so that Americans would get the news of the war only from Great Britain—convenient! By 1917, American loans to the Allies totaled 2 billion dollars. Other banks with pro-German sentiments had lent Germany over 27 million dollars. The British Navy blockaded German ports to prevent supplies from coming into to help their war effort. All ships were then rerouted to British ports to be searched for contraband—goods that would help Germany and its allies. The German response was to send U-boats to sink any ship found in the waters near Great Britain.

Lesson 1 Notes Continued On May 7, 1915, a U-boat sank the British passenger ship Lusitania passengers were killed including 128 Americans. President Wilson tried to defuse the crisis by sending official protests to Germany insisting that they stop endangering noncombatants (non-enemy ships). One last warning was issued after a French ship was sunk in March of Germany did not want the Allies to be strengthened with America’s entry into the war. Germany pledged to not sink any more merchant ships without warning. President Wilson accepted the pledge and America stayed out of the war. Wilson won a second term with the campaign slogan “He kept us out of war.”

Lesson 1 Notes Concluded In January 1917, German official Arthur Zimmermann sent a telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico promising Mexico the return of “lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona” if it allied with Germany. British intelligence intercepted the telegram, American papers published it, and many Americans now thought war with Germany was unavoidable. The last straw was when Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare on February 1, Between February 3 and March 21, U-boats sank 6 American ships. President Wilson asked for a declaration of war on Germany on April 2, The resolution was passed by the Senate and the House and America entered the Great War.