Objectives Explain the rise of Napoleon after Robespierre. Evaluate the importance of Napoleon’s reforms.

Napoleon Forges an Empire Chapter 23 Section 3

Napoleon’s Rise to Power Very short, but casts a long shadow –Became a great military genius In four years, from –From officer in the army –Became a great military genius –To Emperor of France

Napoleon Seizes Power Hero: October 1795 –Saved the National Convention Royalist rebels attacked the Convention. –1796 – led army against Austria Many victories Becomes most famous general in all of France.

Napoleon Seizes Power Coup d'état: 1799 –Directory lost control and dissolved –Group of 3 consuls created Napoleon – 1 st consul Plebiscite –Vote of the people –Approve new constitution –Gave real power to Napoleon

Napoleon Restores Order Economic – –Balanced the budget –Better tax collection system –restored bread prices Government – –Dismissed corrupt officials –Replaced with trained officials Based on merit Religious - –Recognized and supported the church –Church out of Government affairs

Napoleon Restores Order: Napoleonic Code Legal- –Napoleonic Code One Code of laws for France –everyone was equal in the eyes of the law Purpose was to reform legal code to reflect the French Revolution Actually limited liberty –Order over rights

The Influence of the Napoleonic Code Wherever it was implemented [in the conquered territories], the Code Napoleon swept away feudal property relations.

Becoming Emperor Made himself “Consul for Life” Made himself Emperor at the Cathedral of Norte Dame

Napoleon creates an Empire: The Americas Haiti –They demanded the same privileges of Fr –Napoleon wanted to take back the colony Restore the industry there Expedition failed Napoleon cut his losses –Offered to sell the Louisiana Territory Gain $$$ Punish the British

Haitian Independence, Toussaint L’Ouverture

Louisiana Purchase, 1803 doubled the size of the United States $15,000,000/828,800 square miles/ all or part of 14 U.S. states & 2 Canadian provinces.

Napoleon creates an Empire: Europe Already controlled Netherlands, parts of It. & Switz. France vs. Great Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia –France wins, and wins BIG –Signed treaties with Austria, Russia, & Prussia –Only one left: Britain Largest Empire since Rome

Objectives Explain the fall of Napoleon. Explain the fall of Napoleon. Evaluate the 3 mistakes Napoleon made, for his demise. Evaluate the 3 mistakes Napoleon made, for his demise.

Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Chapter 23 Section 4

Napoleon’s Loss Battle of Trafalgar –Naval defeat –British commander split the French fleet Two major results –British navy: best for 100 years –Napoleon gave up on invading UK –Looked for another way to get UK Tries blockade of UK This would lead to his downfall British French

The French Empire Huge but unstable Huge but unstable Maintained it for only 5 years Maintained it for only 5 years Quickly fell to pieces Quickly fell to pieces Caused by Napoleon’s actions Caused by Napoleon’s actions The Continental System The Continental System Peninsular War Peninsular War Invasion of Russia Invasion of Russia

Napoleon’s Three Mistakes

The Continental System GOAL  Isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe. GOAL  Isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe. Milan Decree (1807) Milan Decree (1807) Ships from Britain would be seized (taken). Ships from Britain would be seized (taken). Blockade against Britain backfires Blockade against Britain backfires Prevent trade between Britain & European countries Prevent trade between Britain & European countries Supposed to make Europe more self-sufficient & destroy Britain’s industry Supposed to make Europe more self-sufficient & destroy Britain’s industry Weakened France instead Weakened France instead

Peninsular Campaign: e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System. e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal. e Spain refused = Napoleon invade Spain e Spain refused = Napoleon invades Spain Guerilla warfare in Spain = loss of many of Napoleon’s best troops. Guerilla warfare in Spain = loss of many of Napoleon’s best troops. Citizens ambushed Napoleon’s army Citizens ambushed Napoleon’s army  Spain & Portugal France  1806: Continental System

The “Big Blunder” -- Russia July, Napoleon led his army of 614,000 men across central Europe into Russia. July, Napoleon led his army of 614,000 men across central Europe into Russia. The Russians avoided a direct confrontation. The Russians avoided a direct confrontation. Retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia Retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia Hoped that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause. Hoped that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause. “Scorched-Earth policy” “Scorched-Earth policy” Burned fields, slaughtered livestock Burned fields, slaughtered livestock Russian nobles abandoned their estates leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases. Russian nobles abandoned their estates leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases.

Napoleon at Moscow September, 1812  Napoleon reached Moscow, but the city had been abandoned. September, 1812  Napoleon reached Moscow, but the city had been abandoned. The Russians had set fire to the city. The Russians had set fire to the city. Moscow On Fire!

Napoleon’s Defeat Coalition took advantage of weakness Coalition took advantage of weakness Defeated Napoleon Defeated Napoleon Battle of Leipzig Battle of Leipzig Napoleon surrendered Napoleon surrendered Exiled on Elba Exiled on Elba He escaped He escaped

Louis XVIII is king Louis XVIII is king Not a smooth transition: Not a smooth transition: economic depression, fear, émigrés looked for revenge economic depression, fear, émigrés looked for revenge Unpopular Unpopular 1815, Napoleon back 2 France = Louis flees. 1815, Napoleon back 2 France = Louis flees. The Hundred Days The Hundred Days

Napoleon en-route to Final Exile -St. Helena Battle of Waterloo - losesBattle of Waterloo - loses British and Prussian armies crush the French Napoleon is again forced to exile - St. Helena Died in 1821 After NapoleonAfter Napoleon France brings BACK King Louis XVIII & Limited MonarchyFrance brings BACK King Louis XVIII & Limited Monarchy

Accomplishments of Napoleon Napoleonic Code Napoleonic Code Central State with Constitution Central State with Constitution Elections with expanded suffrage Elections with expanded suffrage Increased access to property Increased access to property Access to education Access to education Created feelings of nationalism Created feelings of nationalism Abolition of HRE lead to the creation of Germany Abolition of HRE lead to the creation of Germany

The Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna  Series of meetings in Vienna  Very Conservative  Wanted things to stay the same Participants: Participants: Austria, Russia, Britain, France Austria, Russia, Britain, France Main Goal: Main Goal: create lasting peace and stability in Europe create lasting peace and stability in Europe

Congress of Vienna  Prevent Future aggression (Balance of Power)  Made small countries stronger  Prevents France from trying to take them over  Balance of Power:  Weakened France: surrounded France with strong countries  Not powerless  Restoring Monarchs:  wanted monarchies back  Louis XVIII back in power in France  Thought this would prevent turmoil