Welcome to First Aid & CPR SED 205 Instructor: Derek Belcher Class time: 7pm – 9pm Where: Right Here! My contact info: (304) – Text me! – Preferred

Before Giving Care & Checking an Injured or Ill Person

Your Role in the EMS System Don’t panic! Recognize the need for help Decide to Act Activate EMS Give care until help arrives

Barriers to Act Panic or fear of “screwing up” Being unsure of what’s wrong Assuming someone else will act Fear of catching disease Fear of being sued

Disease Transmission What are some of the biggest diseases we are afraid of? Likely hood of contracting HIV or Hepatitis while providing First Aid – VERY RARE

Precautions Avoid direct (exposed skin) contact with blood and other body fluids. Use protective CPR Barrier Use gloves Wash Hands Immediately

Good Samaritan Law I’m not a doctor… But I did take first aid in college

Good Samaritan Law Designed to protect the layperson responder – NOT A PROFESSIONAL Reasonable Prudent Within Scope of Practice Abandonment Deliberately Negligent

If you do nothing else… The most important thing you can do as a layperson responder is to call for help. If you don’t call…They probably don’t live.

If you do nothing else… Remember: Stay on the line until the dispatcher tells you to hang up. Even if you are providing care…keep the line open.

How long do I provide care? Continue to provide care until: 1.You see obvious signs of life 2.You are relieved by someone trained or EMS 3.You are too exhausted to continue 4.The scene becomes too dangerous to stay

A word about consent… We all have the basic right to refuse care - to decide what happens to our body. For a conscious adult (age 18 or older) You must get consent before you can treat. You can still call 911 regardless, but don’t touch someone if they say NO!

A word about consent… We all have the basic right to refuse care - to decide what happens to our body. For an unconscious “anyone” or for a child under 18 Consent is IMPLIED – You don’t have to ask. For children that have a parent or guardian present – where you can speak to them, you must get parent’s permission. If they aren’t there or around – it is implied consent.

Taking Action! Check The Scene & The Person

Is the Scene Safe? 1.Dangers to you 2.Dangers to bystanders 3.Dangers to patients If it’s not safe to help…CALL 911 and stay back!

Gather Info… 1.What happened? 2.How many people? 3.Other help? 4.What is wrong? Immediate Threat 1.Not Breathing 2.No Pulse 3.Profuse Bleeding 4.Child / Infant

Checking a Conscious Adult Consent Immediate Life Threats Interview – What happened? – Where does it hurt? – Are you allergic to any medication? – Are you taking medication or have any medical condition (Diabetic, Asthma, etc.)

Checking a Conscious Adult Interview (con’t) – Pain? Where? Can I see it? Remember modesty if possible – How long has it been painful? How would you rate it? (Use scale of 1-10, with 10 being worst pain ever felt)

Checking a Conscious Adult Head to Toe – DO NOT ATTEMPT TO MOVE ANY PART THEY SAID HURTS – Start at the patients head – Look for: Any bleeding, bruising Feel the forehead – temperature – Look in Ears, Nose, Mouth, Eyes – Continue down the body Chest, Arms, hands, Hip / Pelvic area, Legs, Knees, Feet

Checking a Conscious Adult Always watch for a change in level of consciousness (LOC) – For example, grandpa is talking normally and then suddenly has slurred speech or can’t remember what you just said Be aware of how skin feels and looks – Is it clammy and pale? Look at finger nails and toe nails – are they bluish in color

Checking a Conscious Adult Look for any medical alert jewelry – bracelet or necklace Try to keep the patient calm and still. Don’t move anyone unless it is too dangerous for them to stay where they are

Checking a Un-Conscious Adult Tap and Shout – “Hey Hey are you Ok?” Call or have someone call 911 FIRST THING! Roll the person to their back – Gently and try to keep the neck and head as still as possible in case they have an injury Look – Listen - Feel Check for bleeding

Checking a Un-Conscious Adult Head Tilt / Chin Lift 1.Hand on forehead 2.Hand under chin 3.Tilt with both hands

Checking a Un-Conscious Adult Not Breathing? – We’ll talk about that soon! Breathing? Is it normal, like you’re breathing right now?

Checking a Un-Conscious Adult Breathing normally, has a pulse, and not bleeding – Maintain the Head Tilt Chin Lift and look down the body for other obvious injuries

Checking a Un-Conscious Adult If the person vomits, fluids block airway, or if you must leave (to get more help): – H.A.IN.E.S – High arm in endangered spine recovery position

Conscious Child / Infant Get consent (if parent / guardian are near) They may be frightened – approach slowly and on their level Let them warm up to you a little before you go poking and prodding

Shock What makes us tick? – Heart working adequately – Adequate amount of oxygen rich blood circulating – In-tact blood vessels that can adjust blood flow

Shock

Shock – What to look for Restlessness, Irritability Altered LOC Nausea and Vomiting Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin Rapid Breathing or Pulse Excessive Thirst

Taking Action! Call 911 or Local Emergency #

When to Call? If you are EVER IN DOUBT Unconscious or altered LOC Breathing problems Chest Pain Abdominal Pain – Persistent Vomiting Blood or Passing Blood Severe Burns Poisoning

When to Call? If you are EVER IN DOUBT Stroke Head, Neck, Spine Injury Broken Bone

Taking Action! Care For the person that is hurt

Caring for an injured / ill person Do no further harm Breathing & Consciousness Bleeding – Control it (we’ll learn how) Make them comfortable – but limit movement – keep them warm or cool depending on situation Give care that you are trained to give

Caring for an injured / ill person

Transport or Wait? NEVER EVER – If moving the person may aggravate the injury – If the person could develop a life threatening condition – If you are unsure of the nature of the illness or injury

Transport or Wait? If you do transport – Take a buddy in case the situation gets worse – Know where you’re going Discourage the person from driving themselves

Moving an injured person Only if… – Immediate danger to the person (fire, lack of oxygen, etc.) – To get to someone with a more severe life threading problem – When necessary to provide proper care (CPR, Control Bleeding, etc.)

Moving an injured person Types of Non-Emergency Moves – Walking Assist – Two-Person Carry

Walking Assist Either one or two people helping. One person: Have the injured person place an arm (if leg injury – the arm on the same side) across your shoulder. Put your arm behind their back, grab the shirt Use your other hand to hold their arm that is around your shoulder

Walking Assist Either one or two people helping. Two Person: Have the injured person put an arm around each rescuers shoulder. Rescuers each grab the hand of the arm around the shoulder and cross your arms on the back of the injured person and grab their shirt.

Two Person Seat Carry Rescuers face each other and your forward arms interlock at the forearm Place these arms under the injured persons knee / thigh area Injured person puts their arms around each rescuers shoulders. REMEMBER – LIFT WITH YOUR LEGS, NOT YOUR BACK!

Emergency Moves Pack Strap Carry Clothes Drag Blanket Drag Ankle Drag

Emergency Moves Pack Strap Carry: Rescuer grabs the arms of the victim and pulls them over each shoulder like you are putting on a back pack. Lean forward and take the person on your back.

Emergency Moves Clothes Drag: Grab the injured persons shirt at the shoulders and pull until the shirt is around the head. Be careful not to choke the victim Use the shirt to lift the head – GENTLY and pull them head first away from the danger.

Emergency Moves Blanket Drag: Roll the victim onto a blanket and grab the corners closest to their head and lift the head slightly and pull away from the danger

Emergency Moves Ankle Drag: Last Resort Pull the victim by one ankle away from danger. Useful for moving someone that is too large for you to move any other way

Water Rescue Reaching Assists – Sticks, poll, oars, etc. Throwing Assists – Life Rings, Rope, bags, anything that will float Wading Assists – ONLY IF THE WATER IS SHALLOW ENOUGH AND YOUR ARE SURE YOU WON’T BE SWEPT AWAY WHILE TRYING TO RESCUE

Dealing with incident stress May require professional help Use relaxation techniques Eat a balanced diet Avoid alcohol or other drugs Get plenty of rest Participate in physical activity / exercise

Remember… Just choosing to act gives the victim a 50% better chance at survival than doing nothing at all. You won’t save everyone. In fact you may never save anyone. That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t try Don’t ever bottle up the emotion. You are dealing with life and death. Talk to someone.

Questions? I have ADD…I don’t remember what was on the second slide