Rondalla and Ravel Lena Infante

Philippine Demographics Population: 103, 775, 002 (July 2011) Capital: Manila ( million) Ethnic Groups: 28.1% Tagalog, 13.1% Cebuano, 9% Llocano, 7.6% Bisaya/Binisaya, 7.5% Hiligaynon llonggo, 6% Bikol, 3.4% Waray, 25.3% Other Religions 82.9% Catholic, 5% Muslim, 2.8% Evangelical, 2.3% Iglesia ni Kristo, 4.5% other Christian, 1.8% other, 0.6% unspecified, 0.1% none Official Language: Filipino (a.k.a Tagalog) and English

Kawasan Falls in Cebu Mall of Asia Taoist Temple in Baguio City Boracay

History Spanish founded Philippines (1521) [colonization] Ferdinand Magellan Killed by natives led by Lapu-Lapu who was against foreign dominance Invasion of Spain (1564) Led by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi

Spanish Influence Spanish ruled for 333 years 3 apparent divisions of music 1) old Asian influence (indigenous) 2) religious & secular music influenced by Spanish and European forums 3) American/European inspired classical, semi-classical, and popular music Religious conversion changed opinions on music

Instruments of Rondalla Guitar Flute Vihuelas Mandolins Castanets (10:00) Tambourines Violin Cello Marimbas Xylophones Bandurria Mandola Harps Timbales

Philippine Music Spanish-European influence Liturgical Music Secular Music Harana Kundiman Rondalla Sarswela Pentatonic Scale Diatonic Scale Rondalla shifts between major and minor

Maurice Ravel ( ) Born March 7, 1875 in Ciboure, France (close to border of Spain) Died December 28, 1937 Known for melodies, orchestral and instrumental texture, piano, chamber, vocal, and orchestral music Parents were Marie Delouart and Joseph Ravel Mother was of Basque decent; grew up in Madrid Father was a Swiss inventor and industrialist from France Ravel was influenced by his father’s interest in music and culture Ravel was very fond of his mother’s Basque-Spanish heritage strong influence in his life and music Started playing piano at age 6 Debussy had the biggest impact on Ravel, and became the link between Ravel and Spanish music

Rapsodie Espagnole Written in 2/4 Made for orchestra Flutes, bassoons, trumpets, percussion Key of A Melodies/Harmonies for soprano Pianissimo/Piano dynamics Rhapsody free instrumental composition

Porbreng Alindahaw Key of G Written in 3/4 Composed for a small group Guitar, Bass, Laud, Bandurria Melodies for Bandurria 1 Harmonies for Bandurria 2 Guitar and Laud used as back-up Mezzo-piano/Forte dynamics

Similarities Both written under the influence of Spanish culture Differing meter (change in modulations often) Contains string instruments rhythmic similarities No set form... it flows freely

Works Cited "Philippines Demographics Profile 2012." Philippines Demographics Profile N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec "National Commission for Culture and the Arts." National Commission for Culture and the Arts. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec "Maurice Ravel". Biography Resource Center (Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale) 25 (Contemporary Musicians)