The North

North: Economy Industry – With advances in technology the economy of the North focused more and more on manufacturing – New machinery and technology allow workers to specialize and now factories can mass produce items. 1 st Manufacturers made an item by dividing the work among workers 2 nd – They began building factories to have larger numbers of people working (each laborer specialized) 3 rd – They began to use machines to perform labor

Technological advances Power-driven looms – The machine did the weaving – Faster – Laborer now watched and cared for the machine Elisa Howe – 1846 – invents sewing machine

North Economy By % of items made (manufactured) in America came from the Northeast. By 1850 – no slave labor

The North People NORTHERN FACTORIES – Mills and factories grew and made: Textiles, clothing, shoes, watches, guns, sewing machines, agricultural machines – Working Conditions Owners wanted longer hours By 1840 average was “11.4 hours a day”

The North People Factory accidents – Belts that loosened led to injuries – Young children – Hot summers – no A/C and machines produced heat – Cold Winters – no heating – No protection laws

The North People African American Workers – Although slavery disappeared from the North, still dealt with discrimination and prejudice Few were allowed to vote Most were barred from public schools and public buildings Segregated schools and hospitals Most very poor

The North People – Freedom’s Journal – 1 st “African American newspaper,” founded in NYC in 1827 by Samuel Cornish and John B. Russwurm – Macon B. Allen – “the first African American [lawyer] in the United States” Women Workers – Paid less then men – Men wanted jobs to go to men first

The North People Cities – Had most of the factories – Population in the cities grew as people moved there looking for work NYC 800,000 in 1860 Philadelphia 500,000 in 1860 New major cities: St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Louisville, Buffalo, Detroit, Milwaukee, Chicago. – All along rivers profited – Growth required immigrants

The North People Immigration  Many from Ireland and Germany settled in the Northeast to fill factories  Willing to work longer hours for less pay  Nativists – opposed immigration – thought it would hurt “the future of ‘native’ – American born – citizens”

CH13 VOCAB Nativistcotton gin telegraph Clipper shipMorse code Faminecredit Prejudice Discriminationyeoman Fixed costtenant farmers Capitaloverseer Spiritualslave code

Important Terms Inventors – Elias Howe – sewing machine – Robert Fulton – new steamboat – Peter Cooper – American steam locomotive – John Deere – steel-tipped plow – Cyrus McCormick – mechanical reaper – Eli Whitney – cotton gin