Trends in Aquaculture Rohana Subasinghe FAO, Rome

9 billion by 2050!

Aquaculture vs. Capture Fisheries Production 158m 66m 91m

Capture Aquaculture 2011: 62.7 million MT 2012: 66.5 million MT

Aquaculture production Americas, Europe, Africa, and Oceania Combined. 9% Asia 91% China 61%

World Fisheries and Aquaculture Production and Utilization

Marine Capture Fisheries: Major Producing Countries

Aquaculture production - aquatic animals (2012) (Million tonnes and million USD)   Quantity Value World 66.6 137953.9 Europe 2.9 11150.9 Total 5 countries 0.0 0.1 Aquaculture production - aquatic animals (2012) by country (Thousand tonnes and million USD) 2876.3 Five countries 24.1 111.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.6 12.2 Croatia 10.7 66.3 Macedonia, Fmr Yug Rp of 1.3 5.8 Montenegro 0.8 3.9 Serbia 7.7 23.6

Aquatic Production

European Aquaculture

National Aquaculture Aquaculture production - aquatic animals (2000-2012) by country (thousand tonnes) Land area 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 BosniaandHerzegovina 4.685 6.635 6.394 7.07 7.621 7.442 7.589 7.62 4.97 3.638 Croatia 6.876 10.468 9.095 9.505 10.917 12.127 15.497 14.045 13.878 14.229 13.991 12.846 10.667 Macedonia,mrYugRpo 1.217 0.787 0.763 0.864 0.959 0.843 0.588 1.041 1.287 1.54 1.491 1.368 1.306 Montenegro 0.354 0.361 0.614 0.565 0.74 0.84 Serbia 4.835 6.609 7.534 7.44 8.155 7.629 7.662 Grandtotal 8.093 11.255 14.543 17.004 18.27 20.04 28.895 29.498 30.902 31.394 31.997 27.653 24.114

Aquaculture Production and Value in 2012 by Species Groups

50% in 2013!

Meat and Fishery Production (dressed or eviscerated weight)

Fish Price 2021

Fish Supply Source: IMPACT Model projections, World Bank, 2014

Fish demand driven by population growth Fish Demand (mt) 2007 (baseline) 2030 (projection) Africa 9.0 14.0 Asia 86.4 96.3 Europe 19.4 19.9 L.A. & C. 15.2 16.4 Northern A. 9.1 10.7 Oceania 1.1 1.4 World 140.3 158.8 Source: Estimation of FI Department To maintain baseline consumption in every country, 159 million tonnes of fish needed to feed world population in 2030. Total supply (211 mt) > Total demand (159 mt)

Fish demand driven by population and income growth Fish Demand (mt) 2007 (baseline) 2030 (projection) Africa 9.0 18.7 Asia 86.4 186.3 Europe 19.4 23.4 L.A. & C. 15.2 18.3 Northern A. 9.1 12.9 Oceania 1.1 1.8 World 140.3 261.2 Source: Estimation of FI Department

Fish supply-demand gaps S-D gap (mt) Supply 2030 Demand 2030 S-D gap 2030 Africa 11.7 18.7 -7.0 Asia 156.5 186.3 -29.8 Europe 18.6 23.4 -4.8 L.A. & C. 16.2 18.3 -2.1 Northern A. 6.2 12.9 -6.6 Oceania 1.5 1.8 -0.3 World 210.7 261.2 -50.6 Source: Estimation of FI Department

Bridging the Gap Improved and better managed fisheries Sustaining (increasing!) aquaculture growth Reducing fish waste

Sustaining Aquaculture Growth Aquaculture growth rate during 2007-2030 Expected APR (%) Required APR (%) World 4.0 5.6 Africa 7.2 11.5 Asia 5.3 Europe 3.1 L.A. & C. 4.4 7.6 Northern A. 0.4 9.0 Oceania 2.6 7.9 Source: Estimation of FI Department If countries aquaculture production follow the recent trend, expected aquaculture growth rate: 4.0 percent annually. To feed growing and wealthier world population, required aquaculture growth rate: 5.6 percent annually.

Sustaining Aquaculture Growth If not? ………… In particular, per capita fish consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to decline at an annual rate of 1 percent to 5.6 kilograms during the 2010–30 period. Source: Fish to 2030. World Bank 2014

Sustaining Aquaculture Growth There are many issues, challenges and opportunities. Biosecurity and Health Management should be considered as one of the top priorities among the issues to be addressed for sustaining the sector growth. Technology and innovations Investment and finance Policy and governance Improved Public-Private-Partnership

Sustaining Aquaculture Growth Improved technology and new innovations are required for: Genetics Disease management Fishmeal and fish oil replacements Improving FCR Reducing carbon emission Increasing the use of renewable energy Many more!

Sustaining Aquaculture Growth

World fisheries production destined for export

Fish provides many valuable nutrients Proteins Long chain Omega 3 fatty acids Fat soluble vitamins Minerals like, Iron, Calcium, Iodine, Zinc and Selenium With numerous health benefits (known) reduced risk of cardiac death, aids neurodevelopment in unborn infants (probable) reduced risk of stroke, (possible) reduced risk of depression In developing countries Fish provide nutrients where they are most needed? Cheap small pelagics are becoming a growing component in diets?

Farmed Aquatics vs. Other Animal Source Foods

Comparison of Sustainability Indicators FCR (kg/kg) Protein Efficiency % N emission (kg/t) P emission (kg/t) Land (t/ha) Freshwater Use (m3/t) Beef 31.7 5 1.200 180 0.24-0.37 15,497 Chicken 4.2 25 300 40 1.0-1.2 3.918 Pork 10.7 13 800 120 0.83-1.10 4,856 Finfish 2.3 30 360 48 0.15-3.70 5,000 Bivalves not fed -27 -29 0.28-20.0

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