Why Does Matter Matter?.

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Presentation transcript:

Why Does Matter Matter?

TEKS 4 (A) differentiate between physical and chemical changes and properties; 4 (B) identify extensive and intensive properties; 4 (D) classify matter as pure substances or mixtures through investigation of their properties.

Physical vs. Chemical Changes Examples: rusting iron dissolving in water burning a log melting ice grinding spices Chemical Physical

Sure Signs of a Chemical Change Energy Change (Temperature and Light) Gas Produced (not from boiling!) Precipitate – a solid formed by mixing two liquids together Color Change (Be Careful) http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/CCA/CCA0/MOVIES/S1047.MOV

Physical Changes Some physical changes would be Phase Change can be observed without changing the identity of the substance Some physical changes would be Phase Change boiling of a liquid melting of a solid dissolving a solid in a liquid to give a homogeneous mixture — a SOLUTION.

Changes Quiz Are the following changes considered chemical or physical? 1. Sharpening a pencil 2. Dissolving Koolaid in water 3. Silver Tarnishing 4. Alcohol evaporating 5. Milk souring

Chemical Properties and Chemical Change Burning hydrogen (H2) in oxygen (O2) gives H2O.

Chemical Properties and Chemical Change Burning hydrogen (H2) in oxygen (O2) gives H2O. Chemical change or chemical reaction — transformation of one or more atoms or molecules into one or more different molecules.

Physical Properties ( see STAAR field guide) What are some physical properties? color melting and boiling point odor

Graphite — layer structure of carbon atoms reflects physical properties.

Physical vs. Chemical Properties Examples: melting point flammable density magnetic tarnishes in air

Physical Chemical Properties quiz Combustible Hard 13 Kilograms Boils at 200°C Density of 6.1g/cm³ Corrodes in air Soluble in water Volatile in water

What are Extensive and Intensive Properties? All Physical Properties of Matter can be classified as Extensive or Intensive. Extensive Properties- depend on the amount of matter Ex) Mass Intensive Properties- DOES NOT depend on the amount of matter. Ex) luster, density (Mass/Volume ratio) Determine Extensive or Intensive from the Physical properties on slide 9.

Intensive/Extensive Properties Quiz Hard 13 Kilograms Boils at 200°C Density of 6.1g/cm³ Corrodes in air Soluble in water

Mixtures and Pure Substances • Matter can be classified as a mixture or a pure substance. What is the price difference in each type. Can you tell by looking or touching what kt it is? Which are mixtures or pure?

Mixtures A mixture has variable composition • A homogeneous mixture has the same properties throughout. A heterogeneous mixture has different properties in different parts of the mixture.

Separation of Mixtures distillation filtration

Separation of Mixtures Decantation- is a process of carefully pouring a solution from a container in order to leave the precipitate (sediments) in the bottom of the original container. Chromatography- involves passing a mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through a stationary phase. Chromatography works on the principle that different compounds will have different solubilities and adsorption to the two phases, which will allow for their separation.

Water is a compound. All the components are the same—H2O molecules. Pure Substances A pure substance always has the same composition. Pure substances are of two types: Elements which cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances Compounds which can be chemically broken down into elements Water is a compound. All the components are the same—H2O molecules.

Matter Flowchart MATTER MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no Can it be chemically decomposed? Is the composition uniform? Element Bean mixture and sulfur (explain the difference between hetero and homo) food coloring/water and water (separate the water by zapping it with electricity hince hydropowered futuristic cars) sodium and sodium chloride How can it be separated ? Filtration Distillation Chromatography Chemically Electrolysis Nuclear Reaction

Types of Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances. Heterogeneous – visibly separate phases Homogeneous – Same throughout