People and Terms PEOPLE Prince Henry Magellan Vasco Da Gama Columbus Samuel de Champlain John Cook Oda Nabunaga Kangxi TERMS Shogunate Astrolabe circumnavigate Tokugawa Colony Why did Europeans begin exploring?

They wanted to find a faster route past the Muslims who controlled trade They had new inventions, such as faster boats and directional tools to use Once one European country began to gain land, the others didn’t want to be left out and so funded their own expeditions Very soon, European countries colonize the entire world - Africa, North America, Latin America, Australia, Antarctica, most of South East Asia (Middle Eastern Countries and India) – except Korea, China, and Japan

Age of Discovery Portugal is the first to explore – 1400s Prince Henry “the navigator” –Opens school for navigation –Teaches use of astrolabe, a device that shows date, time and direction by mapping the position of the sun and stars –funds many expeditions hoping to find a faster water route to Asia to bypass the Muslims

Portuguese After Prince Henry, most of the 1500s controlled the spice trade between Europe & Asia –Never strong enough to seize much territory –Established ports and colonies, or posts controlled by an outside government for the purpose of trade –Could not go against China or India – asked permission to trade. –Vasco Da Gama was the first European to round the Cape of Good Hope and land in India.

Spain Goes Next – late s Columbus sets sail – 1492 Discovers Bahamas and thinks he found Asia Then Cortez conquers south America – Mayans and Incas Spain shipped silver from Mexico & Peru to Philippines – used to buy goods from China

Spain Magellan – 1521 claimed the Philippines –Filipinos not united – easy to conquer His mission was first to circumnavigate the world Missionaries - converted the locals then set out for China & Japan Spain shipped silver from Mexico & Peru to Philippines – used it to buy goods from China

The Dutch Were the first to challenge the Portuguese a Dutch fleet returned from Asia with spices Dutch quickly took the lead in sea trade –Created a colony on the southern tip of Africa - Capetown 1602 – Dutch East India – set out to make Dutch #1 in the Asian trade

The Dutch 1641 took ports from Portugal Created closer ties with local rulers Dutch merchants became very wealthy –Sparked the Northern Renaissance

England France Join In – mid s Wanted to find a Northwest Passage to Asia/India England- John Cook founds penal colony in Australia A trading company, British East India Company, takes over trade from the Dutch and for a while rules India France- Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec colony

Impact of Exploration Directly leads us to Age of Imperialism (or the big land grab) when Europeans control or have significant influence over every continent on the planet Spanish obliterate Mayan and Incan cultures Europeans begin Atlantic slave trade in Africa Competition between traders increases – leads to capitalism Columbian/Global Exchange begins and grows

EQ: What scientific developments facilitated, or made possible, the Age of Discovery? 1.Carrack 2.Caravel 3.Astrolabe 4.Compass 5.Cartography 6.Printing Press

The “Triangular Trade” or “Columbian Exchange”

Mercantilism – the driving force behind taking colonies Mercantilism prevailing, or main economic theory in Europe during Renaissance and Age of Discovery– theory that says a nations power and prosperity depends on how much capital it holds through trade –Capital under mercantilism meant gold or silver bouillon; today capital is based on money, not gold –The theory usually leads governments to discourage imports and encourage exports –It lead governments to try to collect as many assets as they could to raise the capitol

1.What were some benefits of the Age of Discovery? 2.What was the Columbian Exchange? 3.What did Samuel de Champlain do? 4.What did Vasco da Gama do? 5.What was the compass? 6.Define cartography.

1.How did improved cartography help advance the Age of Discovery? 2.What were negative impacts of the Age of Discovery? 3.How did the printing Press help advance the Age of Discovery? 4.What started the Age of Exploration and Discovery? 5.What is an astrolabe?

1.Define circumnavigate. 2.What is a penal colony? 3.What two Italian city-states controlled trade in the Mediterranean sea? 4.T or F: The slave trade began immediately when the Portuguese and Spanish began exploring. 5.What country paid for Christopher Columbus’s expedition?

1.James Cook - 2.What was the order in which the European countries began exploring the world? 3.Ferdinand Magellan - 4.What was the caravel good for in sailing? 5.What were some items brought from South America to Europe, and vice versa, that had never before been seen? 6.What improvements were made to ships so that they could sail across the ocean? 7.What is this type of ship called?