World History Chapter Fourteen Section One

Why Explore? People from Europe wanted luxury goods from the East (Asia) Items such as: spices, silk, perfumes, medicine Europeans wanted a direct trade route to Asian lands Why? To cut out the middle men To gain more land to settle

Prince Henry Sponsored exploration for Portugal Wanted To: Conquer and convert Africans to Christianity Find riches that Muslims controlled Find easier path to Asia – sent ships around the coast of Africa to map it Bartholomeu Dias – rounded tip of Africa – Cape of Good Hope

Vasco de Gama Explored Farther Went around the Cape of Good Hope Reached the spice port of Calicut, India Many sailors died of hunger, thirst, scurvy Sold spices for enormous profit Portuguese seized ports in and around India to create a trading empire

Christopher Columbus Italian navigator from Genoa, Italy Wanted: To reach East Indies (Asia) by sailing East across Atlantic Columbus knew the world was round but underestimated the size of the earth Spain’s Isabella and Ferdinand agreed to finance him Wanted to bring wealth to the country

Columbus’ Voyage Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria Good weather and wind Food ran low, no land sighted for weeks Oct. 12 th – spotted land and explored islands for months Was a hero in Spain and went back to explore several more times Eventually realized that they were not Indies (Asia)

Dividing Globe Spain appealed to Pope to claim lands Line of Declaration – divided non- European world into two parts Spain had trading and exploration rights to the lands west of the line Portugal had the same rights east of the line Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas

Amerigo Vespuci Italian sea captain wrote a journal about a trip to Brazil “America” – named after Amerigo Vespuci Americas used to refer two both continents of the Western Hemisphere Islands Columbus found were called the West Indies

Ferdinand Magellan Left Spain to reach the Pacific ocean Sailed to South America Spent months exploring the bays along the coast Finally found a passage to the Pacific – Strait of Magellan He renamed South Sea – Pacific Ocean – peaceful

Drawn and Quartered 2 captains of ships sailing with Magellan mutinied – did not work Dragged on a hurdle (a wooden frame) to the place of execution. Hung by the neck for a short time or until almost dead Disemboweled and emasculated - the genitalia and entrails burned before the condemned's eyes The body divided into four parts (quartered) then beheaded

Magellan Crew wanted to return home Magellan pushed on thinking he would find the Spice islands in a few weeks Four months later they reached the Philippines Tried to convert natives – was successful with some Natives – rejected Christianity – fought – Magellan shot with a poison arrow, surrounded and killed with spears and knives

Circumnavigate Rest of the crew carried on until they reached Spain on Sept. 8 th, They were the first people to circumnavigate the globe – sail around the world Believed no one would ever do it again Almost three years on ships