Age of Exploration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7H9CDPkN aQQ (Horrible Histories) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzEWHG9i GI4 (Who really discovered America?) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjEGncrido Q (Crash Course) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXGU8zhB LOk (First 5 min)

Europe’s perspective on the world

The Age of Discovery

Understanding WHO, WHY & HOW In your groups, you will get an envelope filled with descriptions of people and how and why the explored and where they went. It is your job, as a group to categorize these statements into.. Why people wanted to explore How people were able to explore People who were set out to explore & their accomplishments Other (something that doesn’t fit into the other 3) Once you have finished, answer the questions on the sheet provided. /

Explorers…Just to name a few… Christopher Columbus Leif Erikson Vasco De Gama Henry the Navigator Ferdinand Magellan Vasco de Balboa

Background Who: Three major groups: The Portuguese and Spanish The English and the Dutch The Russians Other Europeans also involved

Portugal goes first! First European nation to make attempts at exploration Why them? What was discovered from these expeditions? Spices!! Gold!! Who made these expeditions…? 1. A lot of historians still debate why but one factor was Prince Henry the Navigator! He took a strong interest in exploration and sponsored the expeditions!!

Portuguese Exploration Prince Henry of Portugal (1394-1460) Promoted exploration of west African coast Established fortified trading posts 1488 Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, enters Indian Ocean basin Storms, restless crew force return Vasco de Gama reaches India by this route, 1497 By 1500, a trading post at Calicut Discovery of Azores, Madeiras Islands Acquisition of land to plant sugarcane

Here comes Spain… Hoping to find a direct route to Asia! Sent conquistadors to conquer! Hernan Cortes! Francisco Pizzaro! Created an empire!

Circumnavigation of the Globe Vasco de Balboa finds Pacific Ocean while searching for gold in Panama, 1513 Distance to Asia unknown Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) not supported by Portuguese, uses Spanish support to circumnavigate globe in 1519-1522 Sails through Strait of Magellan at southern tip of South America Crew assailed by scurvy, only 35 of 250 sailors survive journey Magellan killed in local political dispute in Philippine Islands

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) Believed Earth was smaller Estimated Japan approximately 2,500 miles west of Canaries (actually 10,000 miles) Fernando and Isabel of Spain underwrite voyage Discovers Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola (DR) SO…what were some effects of exploration?? Colombus legacy is a bit threatened but in his time, Columbus was an inspiration!! Many explorers followed in his wake The land that they were exploring was not Asia but a “New world” that had never been see by Europeans.

Yummy

Without the Columbian Exchange… Yummy?

Exchange of goods, plants, animals, and also diseases that followed Columbus’s initial connection of Europe and the Americas!! Agricultural staples such as potatoes and corn were introduced to Europe, while wheat production was brought to the Americas. Animals such as horses, sheep, goats and cattle were brought o the Americas, while Europe received the turkey and squirrel. Diseases were also exchanged, with the Europeans spreading small pox, typhus, influenza, and measles among the Native Americans.

Finally…The English, Dutch and French England explored Northwest India America – Jamestown, Virginia was founded! Then more English colonies… Dutch set up colonies in Asia and the Americas French were last…but colonized Canada

Slavery Begins Because of sugar cane plantations flourishing in the Caribbean and South America, more workers were needed! In 1518 the first wave of African slaves were brought to the Americas . Europeans had quite the sweet tooth!! And wanted that sugar BAD!

Leif Eirksson Viking Believed to have first discovered the Americas BEFORE Columbus (Around 900-1000 A.D.) http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/leif- eriksson

Columbus’s Voyages: Tried Three Times, Never Reached Asia

European exporation in the Pacific Ocean, 1519-1780.

What you should know.. European exploration was facilitated by the revitalization of interregional connections between Europe, Asia and Middle East. Portugal was the first European nation to make substantial efforts at exploring and creating a trading empire! Columbus, sailing for the Spanish, discovered the New World, establishing Spain as a world power! Other European nations followed the example of Spain in exploring North America! European exploration established those nations as the dominant world powers for the next 400 years!