Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Teaching and Learning with Technology Computers In the Classroom Chapter 3 Teaching and Learning with Technology

 Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Hardware and software make the computing cycle possible. –Hardware: all physical components of a computer –Software: all the programs telling the computer how to perform its tasks How Computers Work

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 The computing cycle consists of  Input  Processing  Storage  Output Each stage of the cycle has specific hardware devices associated with it How Computers Work

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 The Computing Cycle Begins with input - data or programs entered into the machine by the user Input goes to the Central Processing Unit (CPU) for processing CPU chip directs and executes necessary tasks The CPU may use Random Access Memory (RAM) to store data during processing How Computers Work

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 The Computing Cycle Data may be placed more permanently (stored) on a disk CD-R, or other storage device When processing is complete, the CPU sends the processed data (information) to an output device This cycle is continuous as long as the machine is on How Computers Work

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 How Computers Work The Computing Cycle

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 How Computers Work

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 How Computers Work Input Devices Devices that send data or programs into the machine Common devices include keyboard and mouse Others include track balls, joy sticks, touch pads, microphones, etc.

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Output Devices Move processed data from computer to user Monitors –display data as soft copy output –Monitor displays vary in their clarity (resolution) –LCD monitors offer flat, thin hardware How Computers Work

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Output Devices Printers –Display data in hard copy output –Printer vary in resolution (clarity of output) and speed –The most common types are laser and ink jet How Computers Work

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Understanding Hardware Printers Laser printers use heat to affix toner to paper Ink-jet printers squirt small bubbles of ink on paper Most Ink-jet printers print in color and/or black

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 How Computers Work The CPU (Central Processing Unit) Controls all machine processes CPU performance measured in terms of information processing speed The higher the speed, the faster the CPU, making the computer more responsive to the user Speed measured in Megahertz (MHz)

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Storage CPU can store data temporarily in RAM or more permanently on storage devices Storage devices include floppy disks, hard disks, optical discs, and USB drives. SAVE command moves data from RAM to storage device How Computers Work

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 How Computers Work When you SAVE, data moves from RAM to Storage

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Random Access Memory (RAM) Temporary storage for programs and user input Measured in Megabytes (Mb) or Gigabytes (Gb) The greater the amount of RAM, the faster the computer can store and access data without crashing How Computers Work

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 How Computers Work Data Storage Sizes

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Read Only Memory (ROM) Programmed chip on the motherboard Includes the computer’s Basic Input Output System (BIOS) that tells the machine how to function BIOS is stored in ROM when the machine is built but can be upgraded How Computers Work

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 POST After BIOS program is read, Power-On Self- Test (POST ) starts POST checks functionality of computer’s hardware If any problems exist, it writes an error message on screen to inform user How Computers Work

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 The Operating System After a successful POST, the Operating System (OS) loads The OS operates hardware, manages operations, and provides the user interface Windows and Mac OS are the operating systems for PCs and Macs Understanding Software

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Windows and Mac OS use GUIs A GUI uses icons (small graphics) to represent objects, programs, and data In a GUI OS, commands are issued by clicking on icons Understanding Software

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Understanding Software In a GUI O/S, to issue a command you move the mouse which moves the pointer to click on icons.

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Types of Programs OS programs prepare the machine to run other programs Application programs apply the machine to a specific task Utility programs help maintain the machine and its operations Understanding Software

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Application Software Academic applications are programs that help you teach and your students learn Administrative applications are programs that help teachers perform administrative tasks Application programs are sometimes bundled/sold with related software in an application suite Understanding Software

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Integrated software packages are “mini” versions of applications sold as a single software package Software is written to run on specific machines so check machine specifications before buying software Understanding Software

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Hard Disks Permanently fixed inside the computer Installed programs are stored on hard disk Offer large storage capacity Fastest access time of all disks for data retrieval Hard disks can “crash" so backup data Understanding Hardware

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Floppy Disks Portable storage with capacity of 1.44 megabytes Used to store smaller files for backup or transportability Floppies can contain both electronic files and folders Understanding Hardware

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Floppy Disks Useful when students each need to store their work Floppy disks may inadvertently transport viruses Use a virus checker to protect machines from possible infection The 21 st Century Classroom: Technology in Teaching and Learning Understanding Hardware

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Removable Hard Disks Some hard disks are removable cartridges They vary in capacity from 100 megabytes to 1 gigabyte Good for backup and classroom storage of large files The 21 st Century Classroom: Technology in Teaching and Learning Understanding Hardware

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Compact Discs-Read Only Memory ( CD-ROM) CD-ROMs cannot be used to store your files CD-ROMs use laser technology to store approximately 650 megabytes of data Commercial programs typically stored on CDs for user installation The 21 st Century Classroom: Technology in Teaching and Learning Understanding Hardware

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Compact Discs-Recordable (CD-R) Can be read many times and can be recorded on ONCE Useful to archive (back-up) data Need specially designed discs and drive to record data Once recorded, data can be read on any CD-ROM drive Understanding Hardware

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Compact Disc-ReWriteable (CD-RWs) Can be read and recorded on many times CD-RWs have up to 650 megabytes of recording space Requires CD-RW disc and drive Once recorded, data can be read by most newer CD drives Understanding Hardware

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Digital Versatile Discs ( DVD) Optical discs that store up to 17 gigabytes DVDs used to store digital video since large amounts of storage space needed DVDs require a DVD drive, but DVD drives can also play back CD discs Understanding Hardware

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 DVD-Rs (R ecordable DVDs) Becoming more widely available Recordable DVDs currently offered in competing formats DVD-R: Non-rewriteable, recordable DVD+R: Alternative format for DVD-R DVD-RW: Rewriteable, recordable DVD+RW: Alternative format for DVD-RW A universal DVD standard will eventually emerge Understanding Hardware

Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology  Allyn and Bacon 2002 Teachers and Computers Why know so much about computers? Teachers need to know enough to Meet ISTE’s NETS-T requirements Use technology appropriately Handle minor computer problems Help students use computers Recognize when technical support is needed Use both hardware and software effectively in their classroom