The Cold War

What was the Cold War? Cold War was a time of conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union It was called “Cold” because there was no actual battles between the two superpowers.

YALTA (in the USSR) Date: Feb 1945 Present: Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin Discussed Germany’s terms of surrender Split Germany into 4 zones Discussed war trials

POTSDAM (Germany) Date: July 1945 Present: Churchill, Truman and Stalin Finalized plans from Yalta conference Transferred power to Allied Power generals

Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston Churchill to describe the separating of Those communist lands of East Europe from the West.

Improve your knowledge The Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.

Divided East and West Berlin Became a symbol of the Cold War

Truman Doctrine US Foreign Policy Containment: The Policy of preventing The spread of communism Helped struggling nations like Greece and Turkey that are threatened by communist expansion Marshall Plan Provided aid to help rebuild Europe

What were the Soviets doing? The Same Thing!!!!

Berlin Blockade Stalin blocked off all roads, railways and rivers connecting Berlin and West Germany What are Truman’s options?

Berlin Airlift!!! Over 5,000 supplies Were carried into West Berlin. Lasted almost a year May 1949, Stalin lifted the blockade

Communist China 1949 Mao Zedong set up the People’s Republic of China Between China and Soviet Union, almost ¼ of Earth’s surface was communist Deadliest dictator in history

1949: Soviets test their own atomic weapon

Cold War Alliances Warsaw Pact Alliance with the Soviet Union Promote and spread the ideals of communism North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) Alliance with the United States Prevent the spread of communism and spread ideals of democracy

Korean War After WWII, Korea is divided at the 38 th parallel North Korea controlled by Communist government

June 1950, North Koreans cross the 38 th parallel. Truman asks UN to step in U.N. troops (made up of 90% Americans) defend South Korea Under General MacArthur, UN able to push North Koreans back…but is this enough?

MacArthur wanted to punish North Koreans for their aggression and pushed troops up through North Korea. Who is this going to upset?

Truman vs. MacArthur MacArthur wanted to invade China Truman feared this would start another World war MacArthur spoke out against Truman and is later “fired” What role of the President allows this? Commander In Chief!!!

Cease Fire Under President Eisenhower a cease- fire was signed in July ,000 Americans die Billions of Dollars spent North and South Korea would remain divided at 38 th parallel

THE COST IN HUMAN LIFE

US & North Korean Relations North Korea still remains threat today April 13 th, 2012: Rocket launch deemed a huge failure for new dictator Kim Jong-un Has one of the world’s largest standing armies, but relies on outside sources to feed its people 2010: North Korea shelled a South Korean island, killing civilians DMZ considered “Scariest place on Earth” but still attracts approximately 6.5 million tourists a year

Kim Jong II Fashion Icon or raging lunatic?

Korean War Memorial The memorial includes 19 various statues that are over 7 feet tall. These statues commemorate the branches of the military and include the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. They also include most ethnicities such as African American, Caucasian, Native American, Hispanic, and Asian. The southern area of the memorial is lined with rows of Rose of Sharon hibiscus plants because this is the national flower of South Korea. Representing the difficult terrain that the soldiers encountered are the juniper bushes and representing the many obstacles that the soldiers had to conquer are the granite stripes.

Struggle over Countries US and Soviet Union struggled over nations of Africa, Asia and Latin America Both the Soviets and the US gave aid to these nations, hoping to influence them

Philippines Philippines granted independence on July 4, 1946 Communist rebels attempted to gain power, but were defeated In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos became President

India and Southeast Asia In 1947, India gained independence from Britain India divided into two nations; India and Pakistan Pakistan became an ally of the US India remained neutral but accepted money from both superpowers

African Nations More than 30 nations gained independence in the 50’s and 60’s US and Soviet Union competed for allies, providing economic and military support Superpowers fueled many civil wars in Africa

Latin America Throughout the Cold War, American Presidents supported dictators because they were anti- communist Latin America were angry with the US for using the “Big Stick Policy”

Domino Theory The idea that if one country in Southeast Asia falls to communism, neighboring nations will too.