Additive Manufacturing

Additive Manufacturing File Format 1 Additive Manufacturing File Format (AMF) is an open standard for describing objects for additive manufacturing processes such as 3D Printing. The official ISO/ASTM standard is an XML-based format designed to allow any computer-aided design software to describe the shape and composition of any 3D object to be fabricated on any 3D Printer. Unlike its predecessor STL format, AMF has native support for color, materials, lattices, and constellations.

Additive Manufacturing File Format - Design considerations 1 In order to be successful across the field of additive manufacturing, this file format was designed to address the following concerns

Additive Manufacturing File Format - History 1 A second factor that ushered the development of the standard was the improving resolution of additive manufacturing technologies

Additive Manufacturing File Format - History 1 In January 2009, a new ASTM Committee F42 on Additive Manufacturing Technologies was established, and a design subcommittee was formed to develop a new standard

Additive Manufacturing File Format - History 1 During the July 2013 meetings of ASTM’s F42 and ISO’s TC261 in Nottingham (UK), the Joint Plan for Additive Manufacturing Standards Development was approved. Since then, the AMF standard is managed jointly by ISO and ASTM.

Tissue engineering - Additive manufacturing 1 It might be possible to print organs, or possibly entire organisms using additive manufacturing techniques. A recent innovative method of construction uses an ink-jet mechanism to print precise layers of cells in a matrix of thermoreversable gel. Endothelial cells, the cells that line blood vessels, have been printed in a set of stacked rings. When incubated, these fused into a tube.

Additive manufacturing 1 'Additive manufacturing' or '3D Printing' is a process of making a Three-dimensional space|three-dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from a model-based definition|digital model. 3D Printing is achieved using an additive process, where successive layers of material are laid down in different shapes. 3D Printing is also considered distinct from traditional machining techniques, which mostly rely on the removal of material by methods such as cutting or drilling (subtractive processes).

Additive manufacturing - Terminology 1 The term additive manufacturing refers to technologies that create objects through sequential layering. Objects that are manufactured additively can be used anywhere throughout the product life cycle, from pre- production (i.e. rapid prototyping) to full-scale production (i.e. rapid manufacturing), in addition to tooling applications and post-production customization.ASTM F Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies [ ASTM International].

Additive manufacturing - Terminology 1 The term subtractive manufacturing is a retronym developed in recent years to distinguish it from newer additive manufacturing techniques

Additive manufacturing - Modeling 1 Additive manufacturing takes virtual models (3D blueprints) from computer aided design (CAD) or 3D animation|animation 3D modeling software|modeling software and slices them into digital cross-sections for the machine to successively use as a guideline for printing. Depending on the machine used, material or a binding material is deposited on the build bed or platform until material/binder layering is complete and the final 3D model has been printed.

Additive manufacturing - Printing 1 Traditional techniques like injection molding can be less expensive for manufacturing polymer products in high quantities, but additive manufacturing can be faster, more flexible and less expensive when producing relatively small quantities of parts. 3D printers give designers and concept development teams the ability to produce parts and concept models using a desktop size printer.

Additive manufacturing - Finishing 1 Some additive manufacturing techniques are capable of using multiple materials in the course of constructing parts. Some are able to print in multiple colors and color combinations simultaneously. Some also utilize supports when building. Supports are removable or dissolvable upon completion of the print, and are used to support overhanging features during construction.

Additive manufacturing - Granular materials binding 1 Electron beam melting (EBM) is a similar type of additive manufacturing technology for metal parts (e.g. titanium alloys). EBM manufactures parts by melting metal powder layer by layer with an electron beam in a high vacuum. Unlike metal sintering techniques that operate below melting point, EBM parts are fully dense, void-free, and very strong.

Additive manufacturing - Industry use 1 As of October 2012, Stratasys, the result of a merger of an American and an Israeli company, now sells additive manufacturing systems that range from $2,000 to $500,000; General Electric uses the high-end model to build parts for turbines, one example of GE's commitment of in-house investment of more than $1billion on the technology.

Additive manufacturing - Applications 1 With technological advances in additive manufacturing, however, and the dissemination of those advances into the business world, additive methods are moving ever further into the production end of manufacturing in creative and sometimes unexpected ways

Additive manufacturing - Effects of 3D printing 1 Advocates of additive manufacturing also predict that this arc of technological development will counter globalisation, as end users will do much of their own manufacturing rather than engage in trade to buy products from other people and corporations

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