10.12 신속조형기술, 신속금형기술

Processing of RP Parts FIGURE The computational steps involved in producing a stereolithography file. (a) Three- dimensional description of the part. (b) The part is divided into slices. (Only 1 in 10 is shown.) (c) Support material is planned. (d) A set of tool directions is determined for manufacturing each slice. Shown is the extruder path at section A-A from (c), for a fused- deposition modeling operation.

Rapid Prototyping Processes TABLE 10.7 Characteristics of rapid-prototyping processes.

RP Materials TABLE 10.8 Mechanical properties of selected materials for rapid prototyping.

Stereolithography and FDM (fused deposition modeling, 융해용착모델링 ) FIGURE Schematic illustration of the stereolithography process. Source: Courtesy of 3D Systems. FIGURE (a) Schematic illustration of the fused-deposition modeling process. (b) The FDM Vantage X rapid prototyping machine. Source: Courtesy of Stratasys, Inc.

Support Structures FIGURE (a) A part with a protruding section that requires support material. (b) Common support structures used in rapid-prototyping machines. Source: After P.F. Jacobs.

Selective Laser Sintering FIGURE Schematic illustration of the selective-laser-sintering process. Source: After C. Deckard and P.F. McClure.

Three-Dimensional Printing FIGURE Schematic illustration of the three- dimensional-printing process. Source: After E. Sachs and M. Cima. FIGURE (a) Examples of parts produced through three-dimensional printing. Full color parts also are possible, and the colors can be blended throughout the volume. Source: Courtesy ZCorp, Inc.

3D Printing of Metal Parts FIGURE The three-dimensional printing process: (a) part build; (b) sintering, and (c) infiltration steps to produce metal parts. Source: Courtesy of the ProMetal Division of Ex One Corporation.

Rapid Manufacturing: Investment Casting FIGURE Manufacturing steps for investment casting that uses rapid-prototyped wax parts as patterns. This approach uses a flask for the investment, but a shell method can also be used. Source: 3D Systems, Inc.

Sprayed Metal Tooling Process FIGURE Production of tooling for injection molding by the sprayed-metal tooling process. (a) A pattern and base plate are prepared through a rapid-prototyping operation; (b) a zinc-aluminum alloy is sprayed onto the pattern (See Section 4.5.1); (c) the coated base plate and pattern assembly is placed in a flask and back-filled with aluminum- impregnated epoxy; (d) after curing, the base plate is removed from the finished mold; and (e) a second mold half suitable for injection molding is prepared.

Example: RP Injection Manifold FIGURE Rapid prototyped model of an injection-manifold design, produced through stereolithography. Source: 3D Systems.

Case Study: Invisalign Orthodontic Aligners FIGURE (a) An aligner for orthodontic use, manufactured using a combination of rapid tooling and thermoforming; (b) comparison of conventional orthodontic braces to the use of transparent aligners. Source: Courtesy Align Technologies, Inc. FIGURE Manufacturing sequence for Invisalign orthodontic aligners. (a) Creation of a polymer impression of the patient's teeth; (b) computer modeling to produce CAD representations of desired tooth profiles; (c) production of incremental models of desired tooth movement. An aligner is produced by thermoforming a transparent plastic sheet against this model. Source: Courtesy Align Technologies, Inc.