Matter Physical Science VHHS

What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space. What do we use to measure mass? –Balance –What are the units associated with mass? Grams Do these have matter? – Air inside of a Balloon Air has mass and fills the balloon = must be matter Therefore, gases have mass and take up space –Bottle of Water –Cube What are all of these made of? –Atoms

Not Matter What then is not matter? –Light It is Energy Doesn’t take up space and has no mass –Thoughts –Waves Light waves, sound waves, water waves Moving energy, no mass or volume

Atoms All matter is made of atoms To make a substance, atoms are arranged in a certain way. The arrangement determines the properties of that substance. What kinds of properties are there?

Properties of Matter Shape Color Texture Odor Luster Transparency Density Size Volume Mass Melting Point Boiling Point Freezing Point Hardness Resistance Flammable Will every substance have all of these properties?

Properties of Matter Conductivity –Will it conduct electricity? Magnetism Solubility –Will it dissolve in water? Brittleness –Is the lead brittle? Insulator Are there more? Yes You should be able to list at least 7.

Property Is the absence of a property a property? The lack of it is just as good as having it. Example – Odor – lack of odor is a property Luster – lack of luster is a property Luster!Lack of Luster

Determines? What determines the properties of matter? –The arrangement of atoms –If you change the arrangement of atoms you might change the properties it has. –Example: Sodium Chloride (table salt) Sodium by itself is explosive in water &q=sodium+explosion&hl=enhttp://video.google.com/videoplay?docid= &q=sodium+explosion&hl=en Chlorine is a poisonous gas When you rearrange the atoms together you get: TABLE SALT

Scribble on a piece of paper What is graphite made of? –Layers of Carbon –Element #6 Graphite comes off in layers It is soft – that is why it comes off

Another Substance Made of Carbon What is another substance made of Carbon? Graphite = Carbon Charcoal = Carbon – burn for fuel Diamond = Carbon – very very hard

The Difference… The difference between pencil graphite, coal, and a diamond is the arrangement of atoms. Manmade diamonds are industrial made – used on drill bits, saws, etc

Bucky Ball Newly discovered molecular structure of carbon No uses for it yet Currently working on medical uses

Phases of Matter

Phases Of Matter Definite Volume ShapeMotion of Particles Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

Solid Does a solid have a definite volume? Yes A definite shape? Yes Motion of particles? Yes

Phases Of Matter Definite Volume ShapeMotion of Particles SolidYes Vibrate Liquid Gas Plasma

Three Beakers Lets draw what the atoms look like in a solid Atoms Spaced close together Vibrate in place

Liquid Blue liquid in a bottle Can I compress it? No Therefore definite volume Pouring liquid out Definite shape? No

Phases Of Matter Definite Volume ShapeMotion of Particles SolidYes Vibrate LiquidYesNoMoves Freely- Constant Contact Gas Plasma

Lets Draw what the atoms look like in a liquid Three Beakers Move freely Constantly touching

Gas Balloon Push and squeeze it Will it move? Yes Therefore, no definite shape Put air in syringe Can I compress it? Yes Therefore, empty space in between particles and no definite volume

Phases Of Matter Definite Volume ShapeMotion of Particles SolidYes Vibrate LiquidYesNoMoves Freely- Constant Contact GasNo Random – Fast motion – Collisions not in constant contact Plasma

Three Beakers Let’s Draw what the atoms look like in a gas Spaced far apart Fast moving Bump into each other

Plasma Examples of plasma Sun Stars Only exists at high temperatures Definite Volume? Yes Definite Shape? No Speed of molecules? Very Very Fast

Phases Of Matter Definite Volume ShapeMotion of Particles SolidYes Vibrate LiquidYesNoMoves Freely- Constant Contact GasNo Random – Fast motion – Collisions not in constant contact PlasmaYesNoVery Very Fast

Three Beakers SolidLiquidGas

Physical Change What is it? When matter undergoes a change in size, shape, or phase (state of matter). Rip paper Twist paper You still have paper Blow up balloon – size change, shape change. Pop it – still a balloon Did it change chemically? No

In Review Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space Matter has unique properties These properties are determined by how the atoms are arranged Matter comes in 4 phases, solid, liquid, gas, and plasma Solids= definite shape and volume Liquids = definite volume, no definite shape Gas = no definite shape or volume Plasma = definite volume, no definite shape Matter can change phases or states

Chemical Change A new substance formed with new properties Paper Color, texture, odor, shape, volume, mass What is rust? Iron and Oxygen Limestone and Acid Gas (Bubbles)

Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

Properties of a Compound The components of a compound do not retain their individual properties. Both sodium and chlorine are poisonous; their compound, table salt - NaCl - is absolutely essential to life. It takes a large amount of energy to separate the components of a compound.

Examples of a Compound Water - H 2 O Salt - NaCl Sugar - C 12 H 22 O 11

Properties of Mixtures Each of its components retains its characteristic properties. Its components are easily separated.

Examples of Mixtures Air Soil Ocean Water