Strata IT Training Chapter 8 Upgrading Hardware

When to Upgrade Poor performance Out of disk space Application(s) fail to load –Need more RAM System crashes –Critical errors Hardware failure Device Drivers –BSoD (Blue Screen of Death) –Spontaneous reboot –Internet access problems –Electrical storms Malware Computer Technology Training 2Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

External Expansion Ports (167) DVI –Digital video VGA –15-pin Analog Firewire –IEEE1394a 1394b Parallell –IEEE 1284 PS/2 (keyboard/mouse) Computer Technology Training 3Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

External Port Comparison Computer Technology Training 4Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Legacy Ports Parallel 25-pin Used for older Printers Mode Settings in BIOS SPP – –Original ECP – –Uses DMA for high speed –Symmetric EPP – –IEEE 1284 standard –Asymmetric Computer Technology Training 5Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Legacy Ports Serial Port RS-232 DB-9 Connector –9-pin –D shaped connector Used for older devices –Terminals –Used by early mice –Special network devices –Test equipment Computer Technology Training 6Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

USB Ports Hot swappable Regular USB (USB 1.1) –1.5 to 12 Mbps Hi-speed USB (USB 2) –Bust of up to 280 Mbps –Backward compatible with Regular USB “This device can perform faster … “ message Superspeed USB (USB 3) –Up to 5 Gbps –Blue port color Computer Technology Training 7Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

USB Ports Types Type A Type B Mini-A Mini-B Micro-A Micro-AB Computer Technology Training 8Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Firewire Hot swappable IEEE 1394a –400 Mbps –64 devices IEEE 1394b –800 Mbps or up to 1600 Mbps possible Video streaming Camcorders Computer Technology Training 9Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

External SATA External Serial ATA –eSATA High speed –Much faster than Firewire or USB 150 – 300 MBps –Designed for external disk drives and blu-ray disks –Up to 2 meters cable length –Hot-swapable Computer Technology Training 10Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Wireless Interfaces Proprietary Wireless –2.4 MHz – Devices not compatible with other manufactures –USB receiver for computer –Keyboard/mouse –Up to 6 feet Bluetooth –Industry Standard – compatible with all bluetooth devices –Built into many portable computers and devices –Connect bluetooth devices to form a Personal Area Network (PAN) –Often used with phones for headsets and headphones Computer Technology Training 11Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Selecting Right External Port Connection Check video connection type –Older computers may have only VGA, not DVI Simple Peripherals connection options –PS/2 port –USB –Wireless –Bluetooth (usually not on desktop systems) Complex peripherals such as hard drives have additional connection and throughput options Computer Technology Training 12Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Connection Speed and Throughput Throughput vs Speed –Speed not the only factor –eSATA has more throughput for hard drives than USB 3 –Firewire 400 typically has more throughput than USB 2.0 Computer Technology Training 13Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Upgrading Internal Devices (178) Inside case contains sensitive components. –RAM, Hard drives, video cards Avoid Electronic Static Discharge (ESD) –Small amount of static (unnoticed) can damage high density circuits. –Wounded components may not fail for several weeks or months. –Use Antistatic wrist strap. –Use Antistatic bags to store and handle components. Computer Technology Training 14Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Random Access Memory RAM Motherboards typically have 4 DIMM slots Check documentation to install correctly Information needed in install RAM –What DIMM technology (DDR2 – DDR3) –Maximum DIMM stick capacity –Total amount of RAM motherboard can handle Windows XP can only use 4GB (32-bit OS) –Configuration or placem ent Dual Channel Fill DIMM sockets by color code Computer Technology Training 15Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Memory Upgrade Examples Computer Technology Training 16Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Install RAM Steps Computer Technology Training 17Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Hard Drive Upgrade Check Motherboard connector types –Some will have both PATA and SATA –Newer Motherboards may have only SATA SATA has a serial thin cable with only one drive per connector. Computer Technology Training 18Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

PATA PATA – parallel ribbon cable (80-wire) –Primary and Secondary ports –Two drives per PATA port Master and Slave Jumpers on drive determine its master/slave/cable select configuration Computer Technology Training 19Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Video Dedicated video processors to translate numbers into pictures –Graphics Processing Unit – GPU –Video Processing Unit Built into newer CPUs Dedicated Graphics card can increase capability and speed –AGP – older standard Parallel (AGP 1 is 266MBps, AGP 4 is 1064 MBps) –PCI Express (PCIe16) – current standard Multiple lanes or serial streams 16 lanes = 250MBps/lane X 16 = 4000 MBps Computer Technology Training 20Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Installing Video Card Note: Some video cards require additional power connectors from power supply. Computer Technology Training 21Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Finishing the Upgrade Install Drivers –Drivers are system software that control specific hardware devices – can cause computer crashes. –May need to download latest driver to correct problems –Use Device Manager to install and roll back drivers Test the hardware –Access the hard drive and copy files –Run graphically intense applications –Use Device Manager to check status of device Recycle old or dead components –Video monitor and other equipment often involve charges to dispose of hazardous materials. Computer Technology Training 22Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

Using Device Manager Start Device Manger –Click Start –Type “Device Manager” or –Open Control Panel –Change view to Large Icons –Click on Device Manager Expand device type and click on Drive tab Check Device Status and Work with Drivers Computer Technology Training 23Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

End of Chapter 8 Presentation