POETRY

POETRY A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas)

POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY POET The poet is the author of the poem. SPEAKER The speaker of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem.

POETRY FORM FORM - the appearance of the words on the page LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem STANZA - a group of lines arranged together A word is dead When it is said, Some say. I say it just Begins to live That day.

KINDS OF STANZAS Couplet = a two line stanza Triplet (Tercet) = a three line stanza Quatrain = a four line stanza Quintet = a five line stanza Sestet (Sextet) = a six line stanza Septet = a seven line stanza Octave = an eight line stanza

SOUND EFFECTS

RHYTHM The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain.

METER A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern. When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

FREE VERSE POETRY Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. Does NOT have rhyme. Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you. A more modern type of poetry.

RHYME Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds. (A word always rhymes with itself.) LAMP STAMP Share the short “a” vowel sound Share the combined “mp” consonant sound Activity: Rhyme group game

ONOMATOPOEIA Words that imitate the sound they are naming BUZZ OR sounds that imitate another sound “The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of each purple curtain . . .”

ALLITERATION Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick? Activity: Alliteration group game

CONSONANCE Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . . The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words “silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . . “

(All share the long “a” sound.) ASSONANCE Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry. Lake Fate Base Fade (All share the long “a” sound.)

ASSONANCE Examples of ASSONANCE: “Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.” John Masefield “Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.” - William Shakespeare

REFRAIN A sound, word, phrase or line repeated regularly in a poem. “Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore.’” ~Poe

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

SIMILE A comparison of two things using “like” or “as” “She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”

METAPHOR A direct comparison of two un like things (does not use “like” or “as”) “All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players.” -~William Shakespeare

Exaggeration often used for emphasis. HYPERBOLE Exaggeration often used for emphasis. “I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!”

PERSONIFICATION An animal or object is given human characteristics “We were soaked by the cloud’s unhappy tears.”

OTHER POETIC DEVICES

SYMBOLISM When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else. = Innocence = America = Peace

IMAGERY Language that appeals to the senses. Most images are visual, but they can also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell. “then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather . . .” from “Those Winter Sundays”

SOME SPECIFIC TYPES OF POETRY

A frog jumps into the pond. HAIKU A Japanese poem written in three lines Five Syllables Seven Syllables An old silent pond . . . A frog jumps into the pond. Splash! Silence again.

Haiku Has three non-rhyming lines. First line has 5 syllables. Second line has 7 syllables. Third line has 5 syllables. Often about something beautiful in nature.

Haiku Brisk spring and fall air New colors glance in my hair X X X X X Brisk spring and fall air New colors glance in my hair As I watch in awe. 5 syllables X X X X X X X 7 syllables X X X X X 5 syllables

Haiku Let’s try one together: Title: 5 syllables 7 syllables

CINQUAIN – form 1 A five line poem containing 22 syllables How frail Two Syllables Four Syllables Six Syllables Eight Syllables How frail Above the bulk Of crashing water hangs Autumnal, evanescent, wan The moon.

Cinquain - form 2 Has five lines: Line 1: noun Line 2: two adjectives describing the noun Line 3: three verbs showing the actions of the noun Line 4: a four-word phrase telling about the noun Line 5: repetition of the noun or use of a synonym for the noun

Cinquain Sneakers White, squeaky Running, jumping, skipping They cover my feet Nike noun 2 adjectives 3 verbs 4-word phrase synonym for noun

Cinquain Let’s try one together: noun 2 adjectives 3 verbs 4-word phrase synonym for noun

Diamante Diamond-shaped poem with 7 lines: Line 1: 1 NOUN-A Line 2: 2 ADJECTIVES-A Line 3: 3 GERUNDS-A (verb + -ing) Line 4: 2 NOUNS-A + 2 NOUNS-B Line 5: 3 GERUNDS-B (verb + -ing) Line 6: 2 ADJECTIVES-B Line 7: 1 NOUN-B

Diamante Winter Rainy, cold Skiing, skating, sledding Mountains, wind, breeze, ocean Swimming, surfing, scuba diving Sunny, hot Summer 1 noun A 2 adjectives A 3 verbs + -ing A 2 nouns A + 2 nouns B 3 verbs + -ing B 2 adjectives B 1 noun B

Diamante Let’s try one together: Title: 1 noun A 2 adjectives A 3 verbs + -ing A 2 nouns A + 2 nouns B 3 verbs + -ing B 2 adjectives B 1 noun B

Bio Poem Bio poetry gives basic information about a person in a poetic form. Bio is short for biography which is a story written about a person’s life.

Bio Poem Line 1: Your first name only Line 2: Four traits that describe you (adjectives) Line 3: Wishes to… Line 4: Dreams of… Line 5: Wants to… Line 6: Who wonders… Line 7: Who fears… Line 8: Who likes… Line 9: Who loves… Line 10: Who wants to see… (3 things) Line 11: Who resides in… (name of your city) Line 12: Your last name only

Bio Poem Mary Wife, Mom, Teacher, Runner Wishes to see Ellen Dreams of eating good food Wants to win the lottery Who wonders what her children will do when they get older Who fears drowning in the ocean Who likes a good belly laugh Who wants to see Italy, the US by RV, a good movie , and my kids grow up! Who resides in Chalfont McDonald

Limerick Five line poem Funny or nonsensical First line often begins with “There once was…”

Limerick There once was a sweet little frog Who lived by himself on a log. He saw a fat fly, And he said, “Oh my! I think I’ll go out for a jog.” Rhymes with 2 What happens? 2 short snappy lines How it ended? Rhymes with 1 & 2

Limerick There once was a farmer from Maine Whose cow was in terrible pain He went to the vet To care for his pet But then he got caught in the rain. Rhymes with 2 What happens? 2 short snappy lines How it ended? Rhymes with 1 & 2

Limerick There once was a puppy named Prince, Who guarded his owner’s back fence He barked at the man Who picked up the can Stealing garbage just didn’t make sense! Rhymes with 2 What happens? 2 short snappy lines How it ended? Rhymes with 1 & 2

Limerick Let’s try on together: 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- How it ended? Usually begins with “There once was…” Rhymes with 2 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- What happens? Rhymes with 1 2 short snappy lines 3 & 4 rhyme How it ended? Rhymes with 1 & 2

CONCRETE POEMS In concrete poems, the words are arranged to create a picture that relates to the content of the poem. Poetry Is like Flames, Which are Swift and elusive Dodging realization Sparks, like words on the Paper, leap and dance in the Flickering firelight. The fiery Tongues, formless and shifting Shapes, tease the imagination. Yet for those who see, Through their mind’s Eye, they burn Up the page.

SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET abab cdcd efef gg A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. The poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed. But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.