Settlement, Transportation, and Mining

Immigrants Start More Settlements The LDS church kept sending families out to start different farming communities Huntsville, 1860 A group of settlers led by Jefferson Hunt headed into the Ogden Valley There were already a group of Shoshone Indians living there, so the settlers made an annual tax to the Indians to use the land for farming and cattle

And More Settlements The Cotton Mission, 1861 Brigham Young sent people to “Utah’s Dixie” in an effort to make Utah more self-sufficient They grew crops that flourished in hotter climates Cotton, tobacco, figs, almonds, olive oil, and even wine Their town was named after the LDS leader George A. Smith Life was difficult because of floods, drought, extreme heat, and poverty

Transportation The main way to get food, mail, and manufactured goods to and from the West was overland freighting Overland freighting faced a lot of dangers Storms, floods, poor roads, few bridges, and Indian attacks

Stage Coaches and the Goshute War As stagecoaches traveled from St. Louis to California, they were sometimes attacked by Goshute and Shoshone Indians US Army troops attacked a Goshute village south of the Simpson Spring Station, slaughtering all the men, women, and children This caused many other battles to rise up around the area This is known as the Goshute War

The Telegraph Telegraph lines ran from Omaha, Nebraska, to San Francisco These telegraph lines quickly brought an end to the Pony Express In October 1861, the eastern lines reached Salt Lake City One week later, the western lines reached the city The very first message sent from Salt Lake City was from Brigham Young assuring Washington that Utah would remain loyal to the Union during the Civil War The leaders in Utah then constructed more lines from St. George to Logan with stops in many other towns on the way

Camp Douglas After Johnston’s Army left Utah to go fight in the Civil War, 750 soldiers led by Colonel Patrick Edward Connor came to Utah Their job was to protect the overland mail and telegraph lines from Indian attacks They built Camp Douglas to overlook Salt Lake City Connor never got along with Young and the Mormons He even had his cannons at Camp Douglas aimed at the Beehive House Connor went on to create an anti-Mormon newspaper and the Liberal Party He is also known as the Father of Utah Mining

Many New Religions The first Jewish family in the Salt Lake Valley came in 1854 Many more came and by the 1880s there was a healthy Jewish population in Salt Lake City Reverend Norman McLeod thought that the Utah community would benefit from some Protestant services His influence spread to many different areas, mostly in Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake City Many Catholic soldiers were stationed at Camp Douglas Catholic churches started to pop up all over the major cities in Utah

And More New Religions Daniel Sylvester Tuttle is credited with the first nor-LDS church service in Utah He opened the first nondenominational school in Utah This is where students of any religion could study He also built Saint Mark’s Cathedral in Salt Lake City and the Church of the Good Shepherd in Ogden

Mining in the Utah Territory The most prominent mineral in Utah was ore Early settlers mined other things like salt, silver, sulphur, lead, and coal They would mostly mine only what they needed Many people got rich from mining in Utah However, the people who got rich were the people who owned the mines and not those who worked in them

Mining cont. The Bingham brothers were the first to discover ore in the Oquirrh Mountains Brigham Young actually discouraged the brothers from prospecting He wanted people to focus on farming and building Later soldiers from Camp Douglas found silver ore in the canyon They also began to find gold in the ore Lead and silver were the most prominent minerals Copper will not be mined in the area until the turn of the century

More Mining More mines were found in the Oquirrh Mountains such as Stockton, the first non-Mormon town in Utah, and Ophir Mining towns started to pop up in Little Cottonwood Canyon around Alta and Snowbird ski resorts Park City in Parley’s Canyon also became a prominent mining town The area was rich in silver, lead, and gold Transporting these minerals was difficult and expensive But it became easier with the building of the railroads

A Miner’s Life Working in the mines was very dangerous People could fall down the mine elevators People could be crushed by falling rocks or moving mine carts Many miners developed lung disease from breathing in the dust The air in the mines could be filled with deadly gas that could be breathed in or cause explosions Canary in the coal mine People came from all over the world to work in these mines making $3 dollars a day for 12 hours of work

Business and Manufacturing Many businesses started opening up in mining towns Lorenzo Snow opened the first cooperative business in Utah, The Brigham City Cooperative Association These types of businesses are where multiple owners share the costs and benefits of a business Soon the Zion’s Cooperative Mercantile Institution, ZCMI, opened in Salt Lake City and spread throughout the territory Many of these coops would import goods from around the country People in Utah would be able to buy the latest fashions from New York City Brigham Young encouraged his followers to only do business with other Mormons How did this make the other businessmen feel?

Textiles ZCMI became very successful in producing clothing The Provo Woolen Mills was the first factory in Utah At first only men worked in these factories Later on it became a woman dominated area Brigham Young began to encourage women and children to produce silk at home They had to import the silkworms and plant mulberry plants to make silk The silk industry was not very successful and was over by the end of the century