Computers Systems - software Powered by DeSiaMore 1

Topics Software Software Operating systems & Files Operating systems & Files Application Programs Application Programs Powered by DeSiaMore2

Software Program: Program: A set of instructions for a computer to follow, written in specific programming language A set of instructions for a computer to follow, written in specific programming language Software : Software : A collection of programs used by a computer A collection of programs used by a computer Powered by DeSiaMore3

Software Categories System SW: System SW: Programs written for computer systems Programs written for computer systems e.g. Compilers, operating systems e.g. Compilers, operating systems Application SW: Application SW: Programs written for computer users Programs written for computer users Word-processors, spreadsheets, & other application packages Word-processors, spreadsheets, & other application packages Powered by DeSiaMore4

System Software operating systems, operating systems, utilities, utilities, device drivers, and device drivers, and language translators language translators Consists of: Powered by DeSiaMore5

System Software Operating systems Operating systems Resources - coordinate input & output devices, memory and storage devices Resources - coordinate input & output devices, memory and storage devices User interface -(how users interact with the computer, e.g. a graphical user interface (GUI) using buttons and menus) User interface -(how users interact with the computer, e.g. a graphical user interface (GUI) using buttons and menus) Applications -(load and run the applications software, allow multi-tasking) Applications -(load and run the applications software, allow multi-tasking) Powered by DeSiaMore6

System Software Utilities Utilities Service programs Service programs Manage computer resources Manage computer resources Help users with diagnosing problems Help users with diagnosing problems Device drivers Device drivers programs allowing input & output devices to communicate with other parts of the computer system programs allowing input & output devices to communicate with other parts of the computer system Powered by DeSiaMore7

System Software Language translators Language translators translate programming language into the language that the computer understands translate programming language into the language that the computer understands Powered by DeSiaMore8

This is a software which manages the overall operation of the computer system This is a software which manages the overall operation of the computer system It is loaded into the computer memory when the computer is switched ON It is loaded into the computer memory when the computer is switched ON Operating System (OS) Powered by DeSiaMore9

Operating System (OS)  Provides several essential services: Loading & running application programs Loading & running application programs Allocating memory & processor time Allocating memory & processor time Providing input & output facilities Providing input & output facilities Managing files of information Managing files of information controls the hardware controls the hardware Powered by DeSiaMore10

Functions of the OS Controls Computer’s Hardware Controls Computer’s Hardware Provide User Interface(s) Provide User Interface(s) GUIs GUIs Manage Limited resources Manage Limited resources Memory, CPU time, I/O, Mass storage etc Memory, CPU time, I/O, Mass storage etc Platform on which other programs run Platform on which other programs run Powered by DeSiaMore11

Functions of the OS Accounting Accounting Security, permissions etc Security, permissions etc File Management File Management Powered by DeSiaMore12

Brief history of the various O/S MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) Various versions Various versions Ver (used with 1 st IBM PC) Ver (used with 1 st IBM PC) Other versions included: ver 2 (1983), ver 3 (1984), ver 4 (1988), ver 5 (1991), ver 6 (1993) Other versions included: ver 2 (1983), ver 3 (1984), ver 4 (1988), ver 5 (1991), ver 6 (1993) Tasks in MS-DOS performed by typing text commands Tasks in MS-DOS performed by typing text commands Powered by DeSiaMore13

Windows Windows 3.0 (May 1990): first successful operating system for the PC that featured a GUI (Graphical User Interface) that used easy to use pictures instead of hard to remember MS-DOS commands Windows 3.1 – April 1992 Windows 3.1 – April 1992 Windows NT ver 3.1 – 1993: NT – New Technology - was faster, more secure, and much more stable. Was designed for use in large companies (with networking capabilities) where stability and security were especially important. Different versions exists: 3.5, 3.51 and 4.0 Windows NT ver 3.1 – 1993: NT – New Technology - was faster, more secure, and much more stable. Was designed for use in large companies (with networking capabilities) where stability and security were especially important. Different versions exists: 3.5, 3.51 and 4.0 Powered by DeSiaMore14

Windows 95 – August Featured long file names, better performance, and a greatly improved interface compared with windows 3.1 Windows 95 – August Featured long file names, better performance, and a greatly improved interface compared with windows 3.1 Windows 98 – June 1998: several new and improved features supporting new hardware. e.g. Plug and Play Windows 98 – June 1998: several new and improved features supporting new hardware. e.g. Plug and Play Windows 98 SE (2 nd edition) – May 1999 Windows 98 SE (2 nd edition) – May 1999 Windows 2000 (February 2000): Successor to Windows NT. Included features of Win98 (P&P and of win NT – security and stability) Windows 2000 (February 2000): Successor to Windows NT. Included features of Win98 (P&P and of win NT – security and stability) Powered by DeSiaMore15

Windows ME (Millennium)- July Successor to Windows 98 Windows ME (Millennium)- July Successor to Windows 98 Windows XP - eXPerience (Home and Professional editions) – October Same technology found in Win NT and 2000 with some improvement (GUI, security and stability) Windows XP - eXPerience (Home and Professional editions) – October Same technology found in Win NT and 2000 with some improvement (GUI, security and stability) Powered by DeSiaMore16

Other Operating systems Unix: an older, very powerful operating system that can run on a microcomputer, mainframe. UNIX features great performance, security, and reliability Unix: an older, very powerful operating system that can run on a microcomputer, mainframe. UNIX features great performance, security, and reliability Linux: Linux is a newer UNIX-based operating system that is available for FREE on the Internet. Linux is becoming a popular alternative to Microsoft Windows Linux: Linux is a newer UNIX-based operating system that is available for FREE on the Internet. Linux is becoming a popular alternative to Microsoft Windows Mac – Operating system for Macintosh computers (Apple) Mac – Operating system for Macintosh computers (Apple) Powered by DeSiaMore17

Most Essential Utilities Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Anti-virus programs Anti-virus programs Uninstall programs Uninstall programs Backup programs Backup programs File compression programs File compression programs Powered by DeSiaMore18

Windows Utilities Backup Backup Disk cleanup Disk cleanup Disk defragmenter Disk defragmenter Powered by DeSiaMore19

Utility Suites Norton Norton McAfee McAfee DataFellows DataFellows Powered by DeSiaMore20

Application Software Application Software consists of programs that tell a computer how to produce information. Apply to real-world tasks Apply to real-world tasks Solves user problems Solves user problems Common Applications are: Word processing Word processing Electronic spreadsheet Electronic spreadsheet Database Database Presentation graphics Presentation graphics Powered by DeSiaMore 21

Word Processing Word Processing software is used to create and print documents. A key advantage of word processing software is that users easily can make changes in documents. Powered by DeSiaMore22

Word Processing Uses Uses Memos, Reports, Correspondence, Minutes of meetings, Anything to be typed Memos, Reports, Correspondence, Minutes of meetings, Anything to be typed Functions Functions Create, Edit, Format, Store,Print text and graphics Create, Edit, Format, Store,Print text and graphics Powered by DeSiaMore23

Electronic Spreadsheets Electronic spreadsheet software allows the user to add, subtract, and perform user-defined calculations on rows and columns of numbers. These numbers can be changed and the spreadsheet quickly recalculates the new results. Powered by DeSiaMore24

Electronic Spreadsheets Uses Uses Comparing rates Comparing rates Preparing budgets Preparing budgets Tracking trends Tracking trends Functions Functions Manipulates numbers in rows and columns Manipulates numbers in rows and columns Recalculates the results when a number is changed Recalculates the results when a number is changed What if? What if? Powered by DeSiaMore25

Database Software Allows the user to enter, retrieve, and update data in an organized and efficient manner, with flexible inquiry and reporting capabilities. Powered by DeSiaMore26

Database Management Uses Uses Keep track of a large number of related facts Keep track of a large number of related facts Query the data for specific information Query the data for specific information Retrieve information in a variety of ways Retrieve information in a variety of ways Functions Functions Store data Store data Update data Update data Manipulate data Manipulate data Retrieve data Retrieve data Print data in many forms Print data in many forms Report on data in a variety of ways Report on data in a variety of ways Powered by DeSiaMore27

Presentation Graphics Presentation graphic software allows the user to create documents called slides to be used in making the presentations. Using special projection devices, the slides display as they appear on the computer screen. Powered by DeSiaMore28

Presentation Graphics Uses Uses Sales tool Sales tool Demonstrate a product Demonstrate a product Show cost/benefit projections on charts Show cost/benefit projections on charts Present audio/video testimonials from satisfied customers Present audio/video testimonials from satisfied customers May contain May contain Text Text Graphics Graphics Audio Audio Video VideoExamples: PowerPoint, Corel Presentations, and Lotus Freelance Graphics PowerPoint, Corel Presentations, and Lotus Freelance Graphics Powered by DeSiaMore29

Desktop Publishing Uses Uses Newsletters Newsletters Reports Reports Brochures Brochures Functions Functions Handles high-level publishing needs Handles high-level publishing needs Powered by DeSiaMore30

Graphics Uses Uses Maps Maps Graphs Graphs Charts Charts Helps to Helps to Compare data Compare data Spot trends Spot trends Make decisions Make decisions Visual information is more compelling Visual information is more compelling Powered by DeSiaMore31

Computer Art Use software to Use software to Produce art Produce art Express ideas Express ideas Graphic artist Graphic artist Artistic ability Artistic ability Computer skills Computer skills Produces computer art Produces computer art Powered by DeSiaMore32

Office Suites Group of basic software applications designed to work together Group of basic software applications designed to work together Data is portable between basic applications of the suite Data is portable between basic applications of the suite Various applications in the suite have the same “look and feel” Various applications in the suite have the same “look and feel” Cost of suite is less than purchasing individual applications Cost of suite is less than purchasing individual applications Suites tailored to needs Suites tailored to needs Example of suites / bundled applications Example of suites / bundled applications Microsoft Office Microsoft Office Corel WordPerfect Suite Corel WordPerfect Suite Lotus SmartSuite Lotus SmartSuite Powered by DeSiaMore33

Integrated Applications Combine basic word processing, spreadsheet, and graphics capabilities Combine basic word processing, spreadsheet, and graphics capabilities More limited than a suite More limited than a suite Easier to learn and use Easier to learn and use Powered by DeSiaMore34

Software for Workgroups Groupware / collaborative software Groupware / collaborative software Lets a group of people share information or track information together Lets a group of people share information or track information together Data being used is located in central database Data being used is located in central database Data can be accessed and updated by anyone in the project group Data can be accessed and updated by anyone in the project groupExamples Scheduling Scheduling Preparation of proposals by several individuals Preparation of proposals by several individuals Powered by DeSiaMore35