Chapter Seven: Exploring Interpersonal Communication H.L. Goodall & Sandra Goodall Communicating in Professional Contexts Skills, Ethics, and Technologies 2ed

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 2 Choosing: Strategies & Ethics for Relational Development at Work First Impressions  Perception  Schemata  Person Prototypes  Personal Constructs  Scripts Microsoft Image

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 3 Guidelines for First Encounters  Establish Eye Contact, Smile, Firm Handshake  Speak Clearly, Avoid Nicknames  Listen Carefully to Person’s Name  Listen to What’s Being Said Microsoft Image

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 4 Guidelines for First Encounters (cont’d)  Maintain Positive Attitude  Have Sense of Humor  Maintain Appropriate Distance  Exchange Business Cards  Leave When Conversation is Over Microsoft Image

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 5 Establishing Expectations and Boundaries Peer Relationships  Information Peers  Collegial Peers  Social Peers Cycle of Interpersonal Communication

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 6 Establishing Expectations and Boundaries Organizational Relationships Limited by...  Rules  Policies  Cultures Microsoft Image

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 7 Behaving Ethically North American Organizational Values  Trust One Another  Treat Others with Respect  Recognize the Value of Each Individual  Keep Your Word  Tell the Truth

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 8 Behaving Ethically (cont’d)  Act with Integrity  Be Open to Change  Risk Failing to Get Better  Learn; Try New Ideas North American Organizational Values Microsoft Image Do Face-to-Face Meetings Strengthen Work Relationships? Do Face-to-Face Meetings Strengthen Work Relationships?

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 9 Creating: Messages that Reflect Self, Other, & Context Equity: Principles of Everyday Exchange  People Work for Rewards  People Seek Equity  People become Stressed when Treated Unfairly  Stressed People Seek to Restore Equity

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 10 Creating: Messages that Reflect Self, Other, & Context Sources of Inequity in Workplace Relationships  Lying, Cheating, Stealing  Misrepresenting Self, Goals, Methods  Not Speaking Up for Wrongly Accused  Not Supporting Those who Support You  Not Offering to Pick up Lunch Check

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 11 Creating: Messages that Reflect Self, Other, & Context Self-Disclosure and Risk-Taking  SD and RT have Commodity Value  There is Expectation of Equal Exchange  Both can Be Risky in Business Relationships Rewards Costs

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 12 Creating: Messages that Reflect Self, Other, & Context Monitoring Disclosure  Disclose only to Those You Trust  Stop and Think Before Disclosing  Never Disclose Information that Can Be Used Against You  Never Disclose Reputation Damaging Information

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 13 Creating: Messages that Reflect Self, Other, & Context Responding to Disclosure  Keep in Mind You are Not a Therapist  If Other Discloses Too Much, Stop Them  Self-Disclosure is Expected to Be Reciprocal

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 14 Creating: Messages that Reflect Self, Other, & Context Asking for and Giving Feedback  Own Your Message  Avoid Apologizing for Feelings  Make Message Specific and Behavioral  Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior Should Complement Each Other  Avoid Evaluation and Interpretation

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 15 Creating: Messages that Reflect Self, Other, & Context Dialectics and Dialogue  Dialectics  Autonomy-Togetherness  Novelty-Predictability  Expressive-Protective Microsoft Image

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 16 Creating: Messages that Reflect Self, Other, & Context  Dialogue  Focus on Mutuality  Discover Rather than Disclose  Be More Interested in Access than Domination Dialectics and Dialogue   Dialectics Microsoft Image

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 17 Creating: Messages that Reflect Self, Other, & Context Typical Responses to Conflict  Withdrawing  Accommodating  Compromising  Avoiding or Postponing Microsoft Image

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 18 Creating: Messages that Reflect Self, Other, & Context Working Through Relational Conflict  From Where does the Conflict Come?  How is it Being Managed?  How do Other People React to the Conflict?  How Does it Affect Key Organizational Functions?  How Does it Manifest Systemically in Other Organizational Practices?

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 19 Coordinating: Making Relational Communities Work Negotiation of Cultural Differences  Individualist Cultures  Collectivist Cultures Microsoft Image

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 20 Coordinating: Making Relational Communities Work Negotiation of Gender Differences  Women use Rapport-Building Style  Men use Report-Making Style  Not all Women and Men Adhere to Stereotypes  Single Greatest Skill is Flexibility

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 21 Delivering: Improving Relationships at Work  Become More Conscious of Own and Others’ Goals  Recognized Communication has Consequences  Be Mindful of Workplace Equity in Relationships  Accept Responsibility for Own Communication  Be Open to Feedback Microsoft Image

Ch7: Exploring Interpersonal Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 22 Delivering: Improving Relationships at Work (cont’d)  Accept Conflict as Natural  Treat Others with Respect and Honesty  Be Mindful of Cultural and Gender Differences  Use Communication to Build Flexibility and Freedom into Interactions  Be on Lookout for Ways to Improve

H.L. Goodall & Sandra Goodall Communicating in Professional Contexts Skills, Ethics, and Technologies 2ed