13 British Colonies New England – Rhode Island – Connecticut – Massachusetts – New Hampshire Middle Colonies – Delaware – Pennsylvania – New York – New Jersey Southern Colonies – Maryland – Virginia – North Carolina – South Carolina – Georgia

The 13 Colonies Three colonial regions Southern Mid Atlantic New England Each is Geographically distinct Geography influenced their development

Look for natural borders. Look at the shoreline Natural water sources Types of soil

Colonies Differ Due to Motives for founding varied Background of colonists varied Influence of geography

Jamestown, Virginia 1607 Profit by Englishmen Funded by Joint Stock Company-charters – Virginia Co. London Founded as a business venture Geography supports plantation system Slavery is economic INFORMATION – Founded: London Co – Year: 1607 – Charter: 1606, 1609, and 1612 – 1775 Status: Royal (under the crown)‏ Remember: Southern Colonies: Flat, Long growing season, rich soil, broad, slow- flowing rivers. Rural, cash crop cultivation, large estates, “aristocratic,” indentured servitude and slavery.

Plymouth, Mass. Religious motive 1620 English separatists Leader William Bradford Economic Struggle INFORMATION – Founded: Separatists – Year: 1620 – Charter: None – 1775 Status: Royal (Merged with Mass)‏ Remember: New England: Rocky soil, short growing season, forested, cascading rivers. Diversified economy: subsistence farms, lumbering, shipbuilding & shipping, distilling

Massachusetts Bay 1630 Religious motive Puritans – Founded by Massachusetts Bay Company “A City on a Hill” Leader John Winthrop Theocracy Massachusetts buys Maine in 1677, merges with Plymouth in INFORMATION – Founded: Puritans – Year: 1628 – Charter: 1629 – 1775 Status: Royal

Rhode Island 1636 A spin-off of Massachusetts Roger Williams Banished from Bay colony – Called for separation of church and state – Fair treatment of Indians Motive religious liberty INFORMATION – Founded: R Williams – Year: 1636 – Charter: 1644 and 1663 – Made Royal: - – 1775 Status: Self-governing Remember: New England: Rocky soil, short growing season, forested, cascading rivers. Diversified economy: subsistence farms, lumbering, shipbuilding & shipping, distilling

Connecticut 1636 Economic motive: better farm land Leader Thomas Hooker “Fundamental orders of Connecticut” 1 st written Constitution INFORMATION – Founded: Massachusetts emigrants – Year: 1635 – Charter: 1662 – Made Royal: - – 1775 Status: Self-governing (under local control)‏ Remember: New England: Rocky soil, short growing season, forested, cascading rivers. Diversified economy: subsistence farms, lumbering, shipbuilding & shipping, distilling

Maryland 1634 Haven for Catholics and business Leader Lord Baltimore – (George Calvert)‏ Proprietary Colony – Owned by one person Maryland Act of Toleration 1648 Ethnically Diverse INFORMATION – Founded: Lord Baltimore – Year: 1634 – Charter: 1632 – Made Royal: - – 1775 Status: Proprietary (controlled by proprietor)‏ Remember: Southern Colonies: Flat, Long growing season, rich soil, broad, slow- flowing rivers. Rural, cash crop cultivation, large estates, “aristocratic,” indentured servitude and slavery.

North Carolina 1663 A proprietary colony Settled by Virginia squatters (overflow from Virginia)‏ Motives profit and religious freedom English and Scottish settler INFORMATION – Founded: Virginians – Year: 1653 – Charter: 1663 – Made Royal: 1729 – 1775 Status: Royal (separated informally from SC in 1691)‏ Remember: Southern Colonies: Flat, Long growing season, rich soil, broad, slow- flowing rivers. Rural, cash crop cultivation, large estates, “aristocratic,” indentured servitude and slavery.

South Carolina 1663 Proprietary Colony Motives profit and religious freedom English, Irish, and Scots Given as a reward by Charles II Close ties with Caribbean INFORMATION – Founded: Eight English Nobles – Year: 1670 – Charter: 1663 – Made Royal: 1729 – 1775 Status: Royal (separated informally from NC in 1691)‏ Remember: Southern Colonies: Flat, Long growing season, rich soil, broad, slow- flowing rivers. Rural, cash crop cultivation, large estates, “aristocratic,” indentured servitude and slavery.

New York Founded by the Dutch Leader Peter Minuet New Netherlands Seized by English 1664 Given to Duke of York For Profit Ethnically Diverse Fur trading and commerce INFORMATION – Founded: Dutch and Duke of York Charles II (Dutch West India Company)‏ – Year: 1613, and 1664 – Charter: 1664 – Made Royal: 1685 – 1775 Status: Royal Remember: Middle Colonies: Flat, long growing season, rich soil, broad, slow- flowing rivers. Rural, cash crop cultivation, large estates, “aristocratic,” indentured servitude and slavery

New Jersey 1664 Leaders Berkeley and George Carteret For trade and religious freedom Diverse population Proprietary colony INFORMATION – Founded: Berkeley and Carteret – Year: 1664 – Charter: None – Made Royal: 1702 Split East and West Jersey united 1702 – 1775 Status: Royal Remember: Middle Colonies: Flat, long growing season, rich soil, broad, slow- flowing rivers. Rural, cash crop cultivation, large estates, “aristocratic,” indentured servitude and slavery

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 1682 William Penn Proprietary Colony Haven for Quakers Religiously tolerant Diverse Germans Successful from the start INFORMATION – Founded: William Penn – Year: 1681 – Charter: 1681 – 1775 Status: Proprietary Remember: Middle Colonies: Flat, long growing season, rich soil, broad, slow- flowing rivers. Rural, cash crop cultivation, large estates, “aristocratic,” indentured servitude and slavery

Delaware 1638 Founded by Swedes Motives trade and profit Taken by English in 1682 INFORMATION – Founded: Swedes – Year: 1638 – Charter: None – 1775 Status: Proprietary (Merged with PA same governor, but separate assembly, granted 1703)‏ Remember: Middle Colonies: Flat, long growing season, rich soil, broad, slow- flowing rivers. Rural, cash crop cultivation, large estates, “aristocratic,” indentured servitude and slavery

Georgia Founded 1732 James Oglethorpe Haven for Debtors Buffer Against Spanish Florida Proprietary Colony INFORMATION – Founded: Oglethorpe and Others – Year: 1733 – Charter: 1732 – Made Royal: 1752 – 1775 Status: Royal – Home of WAFFLE HOUSE Remember: Southern Colonies: Flat, Long growing season, rich soil, broad, slow- flowing rivers. Rural, cash crop cultivation, large estates, “aristocratic,” indentured servitude and slavery.